This article explores the role of folklore in developing moral education among preschool children. It examines the educational potential of fairy tales, proverbs, riddles, folk songs, and traditional games in fostering honesty, kindness, respect, fairness, and diligence in young learners. Folklore is highlighted as an effective tool that supports children's linguistic development, imagination, and social behavior. The article also discusses methodological approaches for integrating national cultural heritage into modern preschool education to strengthen moral upbringing.

This article analyzes innovative methods aimed at enhancing teachers’ emotional stability in modern educational environments and their impact on pedagogical effectiveness. The study examines the concept of emotional stability, its role in teaching, the influence of digital and social contexts, and current trends for cultivating stability through methods such as training programs, mindfulness practices, digital-interactive platforms, and peer coaching. Findings indicate that a combination of innovative approaches positively affects teachers’ resilience to stress, empathy, and instructional performance. The article concludes with practical recommendations and directions for future research.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the fundamental economic significance of private sector participation during the transition to a green economy under globalization. The study theoretically confirms (based on the Pigou and Porter hypotheses) that private capital involvement serves not merely as an environmental obligation but as a catalyst for innovation and a source of long-term competitive advantage. The article highlights the macroeconomic benefits of private investment, including efficient capital allocation, improved energy efficiency, and the creation of high-quality “green jobs.”

This article highlights the international legal aspects of the WTO trade facilitation agreement, characteristic, legal status, dispute resolution mechanism. The author also touched on the legislation and the reforms implemented by Uzbekistan regarding the implementation of this agreement.

 This article examines the significance and content of visual arts education in primary school, highlighting its role in developing students’ creative thinking, imagination, and artistic abilities. The study emphasizes that the State Educational Standards require primary school teachers to foster learners’ cognitive development, communicative competence, emotional sensitivity, and aesthetic perception. The curriculum structure, which consists of four main sections - graphics, sculpture, painting, and composition - is analyzed with regard to the formation of key competencies such as communication, information literacy, self-development, civic engagement, and cultural awareness. Special attention is given to the pedagogical importance of observing nature, perceiving the environment, and applying these observations in artistic activities. The article also discusses how perceptual and compositional tasks contribute to expanding children’s artistic vision, shaping spatial imagination, and enhancing their ability to interpret the world through creative expression.

This article analyzes existing curricula and teaching-methodical materials, identifies problematic areas in the educational process. Specific recommendations are given on optimizing the structure of the biology course, introducing innovative pedagogical technologies and methods that serve continuous education and the development of students' scientific thinking.

The following article provides some findings about linguostatistic features of English and Uzbek proverbs. Proverbs, which are one of the genres of folklore, combine the life experiences, dreams and aspirations of ancestors, their attitude to the state and society, historical and spiritual state, philosophical, ethnic and aesthetic feelings. They have been polished over the millennium to form a concise poetic form. Linguistic statistics is a branch of linguistics that is used to study, analyze, and classify language sources using a statistical method. Among proverbs which we have discussed, we have found not only universal proverbs of both nations, but also proverbs that signify a national spirit that belong only to a certain nation. Linguostatistical research has revealed some similarities and stark differences between English and Uzbek folk proverbs.

This article discusses the formation of a modern urban environment, modern urban architecture, and as a result, the creation of a healthy urban environment and a healthy lifestyle, from the perspective that these are the most urgent issues today and that such plans cannot be postponed, and provides suggestions and conclusions on some problems and their solutions.

This article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the social and ethnopsychological problems of divorce in Uzbekistan. The study examines demographic and statistical indicators of divorce, as well as deeply studies the main socio-economic and ethnopsychological factors leading to the breakdown of family relations. The article comprehensively covers the negative psychosocial consequences of divorce for individuals, children and society. The existing preventive mechanisms are critically evaluated and specific recommendations are developed on ways to improve them, including adapting international experience to the conditions of Uzbekistan. The article offers practical strategies aimed at strengthening the institution of the family and reducing the number of divorces, and identifies future research directions.

 This annotation explores Ibn Sina’s intellectually productive period in Isfahan, where his elevated political status and favorable working conditions enabled him to finalize the major parts of The Canon of Medicine and The Cure. Supported by Emir Ala al-Dawla and assisted by a team of devoted scribes, he completed extensive medical, philosophical, and astronomical writings, including an abridgment of Ptolemy’s Almagest. Despite this scholarly flourishing, Ibn Sina’s personal relations remained strained: he maintained few loyal disciples and engaged in long-standing intellectual conflicts with contemporaries such as Miskawayh and Kirmani. His polemical style, sharp criticisms, and self-assertive attitude contributed to the mixed reputation reflected in historical accounts. The text highlights the paradox of a scholar whose extraordinary intellectual legacy was accompanied by a complex, often contentious personal character

The article discusses the possibilities of electronic educational tools based on digital information technologies in higher education.

This article investigates the role of metaphorical thinking in enhancing idiom learning among English language learners. Idioms often convey figurative meanings that cannot be deduced literally, and understanding metaphors is crucial for accurate interpretation and appropriate usage. The study examines teaching strategies that cultivate metaphorical awareness, analyzes classroom outcomes, and discusses pedagogical implications. Results indicate that integrating metaphorical thinking into instruction significantly improves idiom comprehension, retention, and practical usage.

The article broadly covers the role of mature examples of our national art in improving the musical knowledge of students and young people, the educational and educational significance of folk oral art.

Also, the history of maqom and musical folklore, the scientific and musical heritage of medieval musicologists and the use of examples of our national musical art in the work of modern Uzbek composers are discussed.

The article shows that the modern stage of reforming general secondary education in our country is closely related to the changes taking place in the social and economic spheres and is aimed at achieving greater independence for both the educational institution and the teacher in choosing the strategic vector for training future defectologists for inclusive education - for the purpose of continuous professional development. Pedagogical scientists and researchers identify and substantiate the structural components of the readiness of future social science teachers to work in inclusive education, the structural and content structure of the professional readiness of a future social science teacher for inclusive education includes personal-semantic, that is, internal and external relationships, motivational values ​​​​and the ability to work in inclusive education, as well as cognitive, that is, the development of a system of special methodological, theoretical, practical and professional knowledge, methods, techniques, technologies.  The need to develop educational technologies for the continuous professional development of future defectologists, to improve the essence and content of educational technologies in extracurricular activities, and to develop technologies for developing the readiness of future defectologists for inclusive education is presented.

The article analyzes the concept of " rahmat " (gratitude/mercy) from philosophical, historical, cultural, and religious perspectives. It discusses the role of rahmat within the institution of family and marriage, the concept of “ mawaddatan and rahmatan ” in Islamic philosophy, as well as its social significance from the standpoint of ancient civilizations and modern psychology.

This article is devoted to the establishment of Soviet power in the Kashkadarya oasis. In particular, the "bloodbath" of the Shahrisabz region, which is part of the Bukhara People's Soviet Republic, is highlighted. Archival documents and scientific literature were used in the writing of the article. This article can be used to study the life of Uzbekistan in the 20s of the 20th century.

The worldview of Zoroastrianism, embodied in its artistic, philosophical, and ideological source “Avesta,” contains not only religious teachings but also important information about the health-care system, sanitary-hygienic rules, and medical culture of ancient humanity. In particular, the section “Vendidad” is among the earliest sources related to preserving human health, preventing diseases, medical ethics, and the system of training physicians. This article analyzes the medical knowledge found in the sacred book of the Zoroastrians, the “Avesta,” and highlights the influence of Zoroaster’s teachings on the development of medicine in Central Asia.

This article examines the quality of English-to-Uzbek translations in artificial intelligence-based machine translation systems — specifically Google Translate, ChatGPT, and other modern neural translation models. The study evaluates translation quality using linguistic criteria, including lexical equivalence, grammatical correctness, syntactic consistency, contextual adequacy, stylistic appropriateness, and pragmatic relevance, across multiple text types (scientific, literary, official documents, and everyday speech). The results identify the most frequent errors in machine translation: incorrect rendering of polysemantic units, grammatical mismatches between nouns and verbs, disrupted consistency in complex sentences, literal translation of idioms, and loss of stylistic features. The article also highlights AI models’ advantages in context analysis and the positive trends of neural translation systems in adapting to the agglutinative features of the Uzbek language. Finally, the study proposes linguistic and technological recommendations to improve the efficiency of machine translation systems.

This article explores the semantic, structural, and cultural characteristics of phraseological units that express emotions in English and Uzbek languages. Drawing upon linguistic and cultural frameworks, the study compares how emotions such as love, anger, fear, joy, and sadness are reflected through idiomatic and phraseological expressions. The analysis demonstrates that while both languages share universal emotional concepts, the linguistic realization and cultural connotations differ significantly. English phraseological units often rely on metaphors and body-related imagery, while Uzbek ones reveal strong ties to national traditions, social norms, and collective values. The research highlights the importance of understanding culturally bound phraseology for effective cross-cultural communication and translation.

The reliability of the results is demonstrated by the fact that the results of the study were mathematically and statistically processed using field and laboratory methods, and the theoretical results obtained were confirmed by practical data, the experimental results were compared with domestic and foreign scientific research, the data obtained were positively assessed by specialists, and the research results were widely implemented in production conditions, reports were made at Republican and International scientific and practical conferences, and scientific articles were published in scientific publications. This article provides information on the methods of growing datura innoxia and conducting field experiments.

Adolescent suicide represents a growing public health concern influenced by a combination of psychological, social, and environmental stressors. This article explores the major risk factors contributing to suicidal ideation and behavior among adolescents, including emotional disorders, family conflicts, academic pressure, and the impact of digital communication. Using a qualitative analytical approach, the study reviews contemporary literature to identify effective prevention strategies and intervention models. The findings highlight the importance of early detection, supportive family and school environments, and accessible mental-health services. Recommendations emphasize the need for comprehensive, community-based approaches that foster resilience, reduce stigma, and encourage adolescents to seek help during emotional crises.

The article discusses the importance of the use of modern pedagogical technologies in physical education and sports lessons, some recommendations on the formation of worldview and thinking, the formation of physical, spiritual and moral qualities.

This article is devoted to the principles, forms and methods of implementing educational and psychological work in educating young people in the spirit of military patriotism, in which the content, goals and objectives, main directions and forms of educational work, analysis of the state and practice of discipline, the spiritual and moral state of military personnel and the moral and spiritual climate of the team are scientifically described. This knowledge is of great importance in training mature patriotic military personnel.

This study introduces a new methodology for teaching the subject “Technical Creativity and Design” in higher and secondary specialized educational institutions through mobile application development projects. The proposed approach guides students through all stages of creative engineering activity, including problem identification, formulation of technical requirements, design development, and registration of the final product as a utility model. The methodology integrates project-based learning, TRIZ elements, and Agile principles. A pilot implementation conducted in five technical universities in Uzbekistan demonstrated significant improvements, with students’ creative engagement and patent activity increasing by 2.5–3 times.

This article explores the concept of emotive texts and the ways emotive dominance is expressed in both source and translated versions. It examines how emotional meaning is conveyed through linguistic and paralinguistic means, including interjections and related units, in correlating languages. The study discusses the role of emotiveness as a central communicative feature of the text, as well as the challenges translators face when rendering ethnospecific emotional and cultural codes. Special attention is given to the author’s subjectivity in the original text and its influence on the choice of linguistic means in translation. The paper also highlights the impact of textual structure, punctuation, and narrative dynamics on the perception and interpretation of emotive texts by readers and translators.

The publicistic style in the Arabic language is understood as the collection of linguistic tools used to cover urgent issues in social life, as well as political, social, economic, and cultural events.

This style is primarily used in mass media outlets: newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and internet publications. This article discusses the genres and types of this style.

This article reveals the periods of activity, organizational structure of troops, weapons, campaigns and the tactics and military cunning used in them of the great commander Amir Temur.

The rapid expansion of digital communication tools has created new opportunities for integrating authentic writing practice into philology curricula. Among these tools, language exchange platforms—often referred to as e-tandem, telecollaboration, or virtual exchange—offer rich environments for authentic written interaction with speakers of other languages. This article examines how such platforms can support the development of philology students’ writing competence. Using a narrative literature review of key works in sociocultural theory, computer-assisted language learning (CALL), second language writing, and telecollaboration, it synthesizes theoretical foundations and empirical findings, and proposes a five-stage pedagogical model for curriculum integration. Results indicate that language exchange platforms foster writing fluency, intercultural competence, pragmatic awareness, autonomy, and motivation, provided that tasks are carefully designed and supported by teacher guidance. The article concludes that integrating writing into language exchange platforms should be seen as an essential innovation in contemporary philology education.

In order to study the results of treatment of the initial caries of permanent teeth with remineralizing gel in children with uncompensated caries, 1,676 students aged 7-12 years were examined in Bukhara. 30 children with an initial enamel career, whose caries process was compensated, were monitored. The group was divided into two subgroups: the first subgroups included children who underwent oral counting, trained in cavity hygiene without the use of therapeutic-prophylactic agents; the second subgroups included children who were prescribed calcium-phosphate-retaining gel with a "saliva" model.

In recent years, the number of patients with epilepsy has been increasing. Therefore, their quality of life issues are becoming one of the most important problems. At the same time, according to literature sources, the condition of the oral cavity and the prevalence of dental pathology in patients with epilepsy have not been sufficiently studied. 56 patients with epilepsy (26 men, 30 women) were observed, including 22 with generalized epilepsy and 34 with partial epilepsy. The age of the patients ranged from 18 to 35 years. 33 practically healthy patients aged 18 to 40 years living in Namangan served as a comparison group. The duration of the disease in patients ranged from 6 months to 12 years (average 3.5 years). The age of onset of epilepsy ranged from 0 months (from birth) to 12 years (average 4 years). At the time of examination, 25 out of 56 patients were in remission. Epileptic seizures were observed in 26 patients, the frequency of which varied from 40 times a day to 2 times a year. Delay in psycho-speech development was observed in 32 out of 56 patients.

The methodology for developing students' education in national values is one of the priority areas of today's educational process and is an important factor in the formation of spiritual maturity, social activity and civic position of young people. This methodology involves the harmonious integration of national customs, traditions, historical heritage and spiritual value into the educational process. The use of interactive methods, practical exercises, visits to cultural heritage sites, national games and spiritual and educational conversations in lessons broadens the students' worldview, strengthens such qualities as patriotism, respect, responsibility, tolerance. The main goal of the methodology is to support young people's understanding of national identity and prepare them for active participation in the life of society.

The development of thinking in the educational process is of great importance in increasing the intellectual potential of the student, forming the skills of finding independent solutions, and developing a conscious attitude to educational activities. The process of developing thinking is formed under the influence of many pedagogical factors. These include the organization of the learning environment, the teacher's methodological approach, the use of interactive and innovative tools, game and project technologies, the use of problem situations, and tasks that increase student activity. In modern education, much attention is paid to the development of analytical, logical, critical, and creative types of thinking. The principles of education — consistency, systematicity, activity orientation, differentiation and a person-centered approach — constitute the methodological basis for the development of thinking. This topic covers the factors that form the ability to think in the educational process, modern pedagogical technologies and the principles of their effective application. This research offers practical recommendations for educators on developing the thinking culture of students.

This article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of selecting fairy tales for primary school students. The educational and educational significance of fairy tales, the criteria for selecting them according to age characteristics, and ways to effectively use them in the classroom are highlighted. According to the results of the study, properly selected fairy tales form spiritual qualities in students, develop thinking and creativity.

This article presents the criteria for choosing a book as the harmony between the personal interests of the reader and the needs of society, the priority of works reflecting national and universal values. As a result, a scientific and theoretical analysis has been made of the fact that the formation of independent reading contributes to the intellectual development of students, increases their interest in reading, and serves to form independent thinking skills.

Background:
Unilateral vocal cord paralysis (UVCP) remains one of the most significant complications after thyroidectomy, often resulting in hoarseness, aspiration, and reduced quality of life. Despite advances in surgical techniques, the risk of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury persists.

Objective:
This review summarizes recent evidence (2018–2025) on the incidence, mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and rehabilitation strategies for UVCP following thyroid surgery.

Methods:
A narrative review of peer-reviewed literature indexed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted using the keywords unilateral vocal cord paralysis, thyroidectomy, recurrent laryngeal nerve, neuromonitoring, and voice rehabilitation.

Results:
The incidence of UVCP varies between 1% and 2% in primary thyroid surgeries and up to 8% in reoperations. The predominant cause is injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve through traction, thermal damage, or ischemia. Modern diagnostic methods, including laryngeal electromyography and high-resolution ultrasound, enable early recognition. Intraoperative neural monitoring (IONM) significantly reduces permanent nerve injury rates. Rehabilitation options, such as voice therapy and injection laryngoplasty, improve phonatory outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Conclusion:
Early diagnosis, standardized intraoperative nerve monitoring, and structured voice rehabilitation are key to improving outcomes. Future research should focus on neuroregenerative therapies and advanced intraoperative visualization systems.

This article analyzes the need to use STEAM educational technology in natural science lessons in primary grades, ways to improve the methodological training of teachers, and issues of developing students' creative and logical thinking in an innovative educational environment.

This article reveals the important role of folk oral creativity (tales, proverbs, riddles) in the moral, spiritual, and intellectual development of children. It discusses how tales teach noble concepts such as goodness, friendship, and honesty; how proverbs instill life experience and wisdom; and how riddles help strengthen children’s perception, logical thinking, and memory.

This article discusses the role of digital technologies and mass media in the educational process in the 21st century and their importance in developing students' knowledge, skills and competencies. The formation of a digital learning environment, the advantages of distance learning platforms, the possibilities of effective organization of the teaching process through multimedia and interactive methods are analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of digitalization, the need to form media literacy in students are also highlighted. The role of mass media in education is assessed as a factor in expanding students' worldview, developing critical thinking and social responsibility.

The article analyzes the plays staged at the Uzbek National Academic Drama Theatre between 1940 and 1960, the dramaturgy of the war years, the works created during the post-war reconstruction period, moral-domestic, psychological, inspirational dramas, and the artistic features of stage works dedicated to the lives of historical figures within the framework of ideas and themes. The article provides explanations regarding the genre characteristics of the performances.

Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives represent a large class of compounds with a broad spectrum of biological activity. Their structural diversity determines their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and other biomedical properties.[1] This review examines key aspects of the structure and reactivity of the derivatives, analyzes the structure–activity relationship (SAR), and discusses their molecular mechanisms of action, practical significance in pharmacology, biomedicine, and cosmetology, as well as promising research areas. It is shown that oxybenzoic acid derivatives possess significant potential for the development of new drugs and therapeutic technologies.[2]

The article examines the role of dance in the professional training of drama and film actors and explores its expressive and dramaturgical potential in theatre and cinematography. Dance is viewed as a language of the body that enables the actor to convey the inner state of a character, enhance the emotional impact of a scene, and enrich the artistic image. Special attention is given to the system of dance training: from basic physical preparation to mastering various dance styles and integrating choreography into the actor’s work on a role. The article analyzes the influence of Stanislavsky’s system on dance-based acting, emphasizing its significance for achieving authenticity of movement and emotional expressiveness. The important role of dance and pantomime in the educational practice of VGIK is highlighted, as these disciplines contribute to the development of the actor’s plasticity and expand the possibilities of visual storytelling in cinema. The study underscores the importance of choreography as a key instrument of acting mastery, ensuring depth and multilayered character development.

 This article analyzes the importance and harms of artificial intelligence technology in learning foreign languages. Today, artificial intelligence (AI) tools provide rapid assessment, interactive communication, and quick and easy information retrieval. At the same time, a number of other negative consequences of digital intelligence can also be observed. Advanced technology is a great opportunity. Technology used incorrectly is a great risk"

The article analyzes the life and historical activity of Joan of Arc, the national heroine of the French people who lived in the first half of the 15th century. The paper examines the events of her struggle for the liberation of the French nation from foreign invaders, her influence on the course of the war, as well as her trial and death. The article reveals Joan of Arc’s place in European history and her significance as a symbol of female courage.

This study explores the pragmalinguistic role of compound nouns in short stories, focusing on how these linguistic structures contribute to meaning-making and narrative coherence within varied contexts. By analyzing a corpus of contemporary short stories, the research reveals how compound nouns convey nuanced semantic information, reflect cultural and contextual dimensions, and facilitate efficient communication. The findings underscore the interplay between morphosyntactic form and pragmatic function, highlighting compound nouns as dynamic devices that support character development, setting, and theme articulation.

Listening comprehension is a key element of foreign language learning, as it provides learners with essential linguistic input. Using audio and video materials in instruction greatly supports the development of listening skills by offering authentic and engaging content. Audio exposes learners to natural speech, pronunciation, rhythm, and intonation, while video adds visual cues such as gestures and situational context that make understanding easier. These multimodal resources enhance both bottom-up and top-down processing, boost motivation, promote cultural awareness, and support autonomous learning. When used effectively, audio and video materials become powerful tools that strengthen listening proficiency and enrich the overall language learning experience.

This article comprehensively analyzes the formation of economic knowledge, its stages of development and the processes of its historical development. The process of the formation of economic thought, from the earliest economic experiences of mankind, from its simple ideas in ancient times, to the thoughts of ancient thinkers, medieval economic views and the ideas of the classical school of economics of the new era, is consistently covered. The emergence of the neoclassical direction, the marginalist revolution, the Keynesianism that emerged in the later period, institutionalism, monetarism, free market theories and new branches of modern economics - behavioral economics, digital economics, innovative development theories - are also separately considered.

Childhood obesity is a growing global health concern linked to poor dietary patterns, sedentary lifestyles, genetic factors, and family habits. Excess body weight in children increases the likelihood of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, metabolic imbalance, and emotional challenges. An effective dietary algorithm includes limiting added sugars and unhealthy fats, increasing fruit and vegetable intake, monitoring portion sizes, and ensuring regular physical activity. Professional guidance from healthcare providers ensures that dietary adjustments are safe, personalized, and suitable for the child’s developmental needs.

The article considers general tendencies in world and national education, and also both principles and methods of forming professional, communicative, intercultural competences and in the process of teaching foreign language for professional purposes in the conditions of engineering, economic and other non-linguistic specialties at technical university. The article views some essential issues of this competence including awareness of pedagogical values, the construction of the pedagogical process, pedagogical communication ; pedagogical technology, its essence, structural components, requirements for the design and engineering of pedagogical technologies.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of environmental protection and the green economy in national development. The theoretical foundations of the green economy, its role in mitigating environmental problems, and mechanisms for the efficient use of resources are highlighted based on scientific sources. The Green Economy Strategy of Uzbekistan for 2019-2030, renewable energy potential, and natural capital management practices were thoroughly studied. The study analyzes the current state of the country and its place in international rankings based on indicator-based assessment methods. The article proposes existing problems, opportunities, and strategic directions for the future based on scientific conclusions.

This article provides a scientific analysis of the verbalization process of words belonging to other parts of speech in English and Karakalpak.

This comparative analysis helps to deepen the understanding of both universal and language-specific mechanisms of word formation in English and Karakalpak.

This article broadly covers the methodological foundations of developing students' professional competence in the process of academic mobility. Academic mobility is analyzed not only as a means of deepening theoretical knowledge, but also as an important factor in the formation of practical skills, communicative culture, independent decision-making, creative approach and effective use of information technologies in students. The article also examines the methodological mechanisms used in the development of students' professional competence based on international experience, their impact on the quality of education and their contribution to the integration of the higher education system of Uzbekistan into the global educational arena. The role of academic mobility in personal, professional and social development, its importance as a priority area in state policy and its role in ensuring the competitiveness of the future generation are emphasized.

This article analyzes the pedagogical conditions for the effective organization of academic mobility within the framework of international cooperation. The content of academic mobility, its role in the personal and professional development of students, and its importance in increasing the competitiveness of the education system are highlighted. Also, the role of conditions such as the coherence of educational programs, knowledge of foreign languages, intercultural dialogue, psychological preparation of students, wide use of information and communication technologies, international cooperation relations, and a modern material and technical base is considered on a scientific basis. The article also analyzes the practical effects of academic mobility on the example of international programs (Erasmus +, DAAD, Fulbright, etc.) and discusses the prospects for its further development in the higher education system of Uzbekistan.      

This article light athletics and other individual sports in the context of elementary preparation group athletes physical adjectives to develop Research , leading​​ of experts thoughts own inside received scientific and methodological literature analysis so that sports activities complex , technical and dynamic features learns . Physical qualities , including agility , coordination​ and speed such as indicators development , competitive in activity to success achieve for necessary styles as theoretical analysis , practical training and observation methods applied . Obtained results , athletes physical in the adjectives changes showing them​ competitive activity to improve help gives​

The article considers the linguistic analysis of a literary text as a method of studying the specifics of the author's style. The concept of a literary text is clarified, the main aspects and tools of linguistic analysis are described, and the relationship between the system of linguistic means and individual author's stylistic characteristics is revealed. Special attention is paid to genre and language features that influence the formation of a writer's style.

This article studies the social environmental factors that cause suicidal behavior. To provide scientific and practical clarification based on psychological studies and research on the socio-psychological characteristics of psychocorrection of suicidal tendencies.

This article examines the essence of providing socio-psychological assistance to families using foreign experience, social assistance, support and protection for children from problematic families. The author analyzes in detail the socio-psychological aspects of providing psychological assistance to problematic families based on foreign experience.

This article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of developing reading literacy in primary education and organizing the learning process according to PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) requirements. Through reading literacy, students achieve the ability to apply knowledge in practice, solve problems, and develop communication skills.

This article examines the essence, objectives, and practical significance of the competency-based approach in primary education. It analyzes ways of developing key competencies in students, including independent thinking, problem-solving skills, communication abilities, and information literacy. The paper also highlights effective methods for applying a competency-based approach in lessons, relevant pedagogical technologies, strategies for instructional planning, and assessment criteria.

Wool fiber is a natural protein-based material composed of keratin containing sulfur-rich amino acids, disulfide bonds, and α-helix molecular structures that provide inherent flame resistance. This study analyzes the thermal behavior, decomposition mechanism, and fire resistance of wool fibers using international standards such as LOI, ASTM D6413, TGA, and DSC. Additionally, the research evaluates the effectiveness of phosphorus-, boron-, silicon-based and nanocomposite chemical modifications for enhancing flame resistance. Comparative studies of international and Uzbek researchers are included, with special attention to the performance of Uzbek merino wool. Experimental results show that phosphorus-containing treatments improve char formation by 18–40%, while nanocomposite additives reduce flame spread by up to 50%. The study also outlines technological steps for producing flame-resistant wool-based nonwoven fabrics suitable for protective clothing, insulation panels, and eco-safe composite materials. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of developing high-performance fire-resistant technical textiles using local raw materials.

This article explores the preparation of teachers for phenomenon-based pedagogy (PhBP), focusing on the essential skills, training models, and classroom realities. The study examines contemporary approaches to teacher education, highlighting how educators can develop competencies in inquiry-based, interdisciplinary, and student-centered learning. It also discusses challenges faced in classroom implementation and provides recommendations for effective training programs that bridge theory and practice.

 This article describes the ways to properly organize and conduct physical education classes in general secondary schools and improve the physical fitness of students. Also, the ways to use gymnastic exercises in sports classes and the specific features of developing the physical fitness of students on the basis of gymnastic means are considered.

This article examines the role of artistic imagery in constructing the semantic structure of a literary text through a linguopoetic analysis. Artistic images serve as core components that determine the aesthetic expressiveness of the text, reflecting the author’s worldview, moral–aesthetic ideas, and poetic intention. The study explores how imagery is shaped by linguistic means, the semantic relations among images, the factors defining the intertextual symbolism, and the poetic mechanisms that ensure the artistic integrity of the text. Special attention is given to the function of metaphors, symbols, metonymy, epithets, and other poetic devices in enhancing meaning and revealing deeper conceptual layers of the literary text. The article concludes that linguopoetic analysis provides an effective methodological framework for comprehensively understanding the meaning system of artistic discourse.

This article provides a detailed analysis of the history of the formation of Turkmen dance art, its artistic and aesthetic features, dance types, musical accompaniment, national costumes, as well as the modern stages of dance development. The article provides information on the differences between women's and men's dances, movement plasticity, mimicry, musical rhythm and stage interpretations. It also highlights the role of Turkmen dance in folk culture, its educational and spiritual significance. The results of the study show that Turkmen dance has formed as a unique art form within the rich cultural heritage of the peoples of the East. The article is important as a guide for students studying in the fields of Turkology, ethnography, dance art and cultural studies, as well as for folklore researchers.

This article analyzes the theoretical foundations, didactic approaches and efficiency factors of forming ecological culture in students during natural science lessons. The development of ecological culture is one of the priority tasks of the education system in today's conditions of globalization, rapid technological changes and increasing environmental problems. The study highlights the mechanisms for directing students' worldviews to ecological awareness, ecological responsibility and the ideas of sustainable development based on the integrative capabilities of natural sciences - biology, geography, chemistry and physics. Also, modeling environmental problems in the lesson, conducting experiments, conducting observations, searching for solutions to problem situations, and using project work are justified as effective educational strategies. The article analyzes practical methods such as working with real natural objects, keeping ecological observation notebooks, studying the local ecological situation, and developing the activities of school ecological clubs. The conclusion substantiates the role of the teacher in the formation of ecological culture, the interrelationship of lesson design, innovative methods, and learning motivation.

The ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion) processes are fundamental pharmacokinetic mechanisms determining the fate of drugs in the human body. These processes influence drug bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy, toxicity, and interindividual variability in drug response. This article reviews the main principles governing each ADME phase, including physicochemical drug properties, transport mechanisms, plasma protein binding, metabolic pathways mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes, and renal and hepatic elimination. Clinical implications, such as drug interactions, altered pharmacokinetics in special populations, and strategies for optimizing therapy, are discussed. Understanding ADME processes is essential for rational drug design, personalized therapy, and effective pharmacological management.

This article investigates the specific features of speech style as a key component of linguistic, communicative, and socio-cultural competence. Using IMRAD structure, the study analyzes how phonetic, lexical, syntactic, and pragmatic choices shape functional styles such as conversational, scientific, official-business, publicistic, and artistic styles. Drawing on Uzbek scholarly sources, the research demonstrates that speech style is determined not only by linguistic norms but also by communicative intentions, social relationships, and cultural expectations of speakers. The findings reveal that speech style is a dynamic phenomenon that adapts to changing communication needs in contemporary society.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common chronic allergic diseases, affecting a significant proportion of the global population. Over the past decades, approaches to understanding, diagnosing, and treating AR have undergone significant changes. Historically, key strategies included symptom control using antihistamines, corticosteroids, and specific immunotherapy; later, targeted pharmacological treatment and optimization of regimens emerged. Today, thanks to in-depth studies of pathophysiology, immunological mechanisms, the role of environmental factors, and comorbid conditions, treatment has become more comprehensive and personalized. Recent reviews emphasize the importance of reliable diagnosis, individualized therapy selection, as well as the potential role of immunomodulation and allergen-specific immunotherapy. Nonetheless, challenges remain: many patients still have insufficient symptom control, and the disease burden is increasing, including the risk of developing comorbidities such as bronchial asthma (BA). This article summarizes the key stages in the historical evolution of the understanding and treatment of AR, current concepts of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy, and identifies current challenges and directions for further research.

This article presents the design of an English for Specific Purposes (ESP) program tailored for senior undergraduate Business Administration students. Grounded in needs analysis, the program integrates Content-Based Instruction (CBI), the case-study method, and task-based assessment to develop productive skills, domain-specific vocabulary, and academic literacy. Course materials include authentic texts and multimedia resources aligned with business communication demands. Insights from ESP literature highlight the significance of triangulated needs analysis, stakeholder collaboration, and genre-based pedagogy. The article concludes with reflections on improving practitioner expertise and ensuring alignment between instructional practices and workplace communicative requirements.

This article examines the formation of thinking style and cognitive approaches among future specialists in physical education and sports within the context of modern social, cultural, and athletic practices. It is scientifically substantiated that globalization, the rapid increase in information flows, growing competition in the sports sphere, and the rising demands of contemporary education systems necessitate the renewal and development of thinking styles. The article provides an extensive analysis of the worldview, motivation, psychological processes in sports activities, and the interrelation of tactical and creative thinking among future professionals.

This article scientifically illuminates the strategic model of integrating green technologies into national economies. It analyzes such priority areas as increasing energy efficiency, rational use of resources, ensuring environmental safety, and achieving sustainable development. Stages and efficiency factors of the process of "greening" the national economy based on institutional reforms, green financing mechanisms, sectoral transformation, and monitoring systems will also be considered.

The present study explores the functional role of stylistic devices in Uzbek and English literary texts with a focus on metaphor, simile, epithet, and personification. The research is motivated by the need to highlight cultural and linguistic specificities that remain underrepresented in comparative philological scholarship. A qualitative comparative method was applied, analyzing selected works of Uzbek writers (Alisher Navoi, Abdulla Qodiriy, Erkin Vohidov) and English authors (William Shakespeare, Charles Dickens, Virginia Woolf). The analysis revealed that while metaphors and epithets are common to both literatures, their symbolic representations differ, reflecting agrarian traditions in Uzbek culture and philosophical or socio-political themes in English texts. Similes in Uzbek literature are strongly rooted in folklore, whereas English literature employs broader thematic analogies. Personification in Uzbek texts highlights harmony with nature, while English works often depict conflict between individuals and external forces. These findings demonstrate that stylistic devices are not only aesthetic tools but also markers of cultural identity and worldviews. The study contributes to translation studies by emphasizing the need for cultural adaptation of stylistic imagery and offers pedagogical insights for teaching philology through comparative stylistics. Future research should extend to contemporary authors and employ corpus-based computational stylistics for larger-scale analysis.

This article analyzes the role and significance of media literacy in strengthening ideological immunity within the modern information environment. It is emphasized that in today’s globalized world, the rapid increase in information flows, the expansion of social networks, and the growing complexity of manipulative communication tools are making the human mind more vulnerable to various external influences. Therefore, enhancing the level of media literacy among members of society, especially youth, has become an essential factor for social stability. The article examines the essence of media literacy, its interrelation with ideological immunity, its role in developing critical thinking, and its importance in countering information attacks through theoretical foundations and practical examples. Furthermore, the paper discusses ongoing initiatives to promote media literacy in Uzbekistan, international experience, and the integration of media literacy into the education system. Research findings demonstrate that strengthening media literacy enhances ideological immunity, thereby fostering a more stable public consciousness capable of resisting risks and manipulative influences within the information space. The article concludes with scientific and practical recommendations aimed at improving the effectiveness of this field.

This article explores the pedagogical conditions for developing musical and aesthetic culture in preschool children through the use of modern technologies. The effectiveness of multimedia tools, interactive educational programs, digital musical instruments, the STEAM approach, and integrated music game technologies is analyzed. The study reveals how innovative technologies enhance children’s musical perception, sense of rhythm, aesthetic sensitivity, creative expression, and collaborative musical engagement. The article also discusses pedagogical requirements, innovative strategies, and practical methods for integrating modern technologies into early childhood music education.

 This article discusses the work carried out under the leadership of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev to repatriate the wives and children of terrorists who were forcibly taken away from the Republic of Uzbekistan for various reasons from countries such as Syria, Iraq, and Afghanistan.

This article explores the theoretical foundations of English language teaching methods, focusing on the historical evolution, core principles, and pedagogical frameworks that shape modern language instruction. It examines how traditional grammatical approaches gradually transformed into communicative and learner-centered methodologies as a response to global linguistic needs and advancements in educational psychology. The paper discusses major theoretical perspectives, including behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism,and sociocultural theory, highlighting how each has contributed to the development of effective teaching strategies for English as a foreign language. Special attention is given to the role of language acquisition theories, communicative competence, and task-based learning, which have reshaped classroom practices and emphasized meaningful interaction over mechanical drill exercises. The article also analyzes the influence of global trends, such as digitalization and intercultural communication, on modern methodological frameworks.

This article examines the practical application and effectiveness of traditional and modern English language teaching methods. Traditional methods,including the Grammar-Translation and Direct Methods, focus on grammar rules,vocabulary memorization, and teacher-centered instruction. In contrast,modern methods, such as Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) and Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT), prioritize learner-centered approaches,communication, and interactive activities. The study investigates how these methods are implemented in real classroom settings, analyzing their impact on student engagement, motivation, and language acquisition. A mixed-method approach was used, including classroom observation, teacher interviews, and student performance assessment. The findings reveal that while traditional methods provide a strong foundation in grammar and vocabulary, modern methods enhance communication skills, collaboration, and learner autonomy. Furthermore,the study emphasizes that combining traditional and modern approaches can create a balanced teaching strategy that addresses both theoretical knowledge and practical language use. Practical recommendations for educators are provided, highlighting the importance of adapting methods according to learner needs, lesson objectives,and available resources.

 Glucose transporters (GLUTs) are integral membrane proteins responsible for transporting glucose into the body and cells. This article provides an extensive analysis of the structure of glucose transporters, their substrate specificity, and their clinical significance. GLUTs comprise various isoforms ranging from GLUT1 to GLUT14, each functioning in specific tissues and under distinct physiological conditions. Structurally, they mediate passive glucose transport through transmembrane domains, enabling glucose entry into the cell without energy expenditure. GLUT1 is widely present in many tissues and primarily ensures basal glucose transport. GLUT2 functions as a high-capacity glucose transporter in the liver, kidneys, and enterocytes, while GLUT4 is activated by insulin and plays a crucial role in transporting glucose into skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. The substrate specificity of GLUTs depends on their ability to transport different glucose isoforms, fructose, and other monosaccharides. For example, GLUT5 shows high specificity for fructose, whereas GLUT1 and GLUT3 exhibit high affinity mainly for glucose. These molecular features of glucose transporters are essential for maintaining cellular energy balance and regulating metabolic processes. From a clinical standpoint, dysfunction or altered expression of GLUTs is associated with several diseases. For instance, GLUT1 deficiency leads to developmental abnormalities in the central nervous system, while GLUT4 dysfunction contributes to insulin resistance and the development of diabetes. Additionally, GLUT expression in liver and cancer cells adapts according to metabolic demand, offering opportunities for developing new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in oncology. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the molecular structure of GLUTs, their substrate affinity, and their clinical importance under physiological and pathological conditions.

This article is about how irony is actively used in Uzbek folk speech as an integral part of speech culture. The means of sarcasm is the ability to politely respond to an undesirable attitude of the interlocutor, avoiding rudeness and observing cultural speech norms.

This article deeply studies the phenomenon of hikikomori, which is becoming widespread in modern society - the withdrawal of young people from social life, living isolated at home. The psychological, family, social and technological factors that influence the origin of hikikomori are analyzed. It also highlights the negative effects of this phenomenon on the psyche of the individual, the family environment and the development of society. The article describes the consequences of hikikomori, ways to eliminate it, psychological assistance, family support and social rehabilitation mechanisms on a scientific basis. The results of the study show that the phenomenon of hikikomori is becoming more and more relevant as a modern social problem and emphasizes the need for an integrated approach to overcome it.

 This article analyzes the formation processes of the modern space economy, its integration into the global economic system, and the strategic sectors that generate a new trillion-dollar economic market, based on scientific and theoretical approaches. The research provides a comprehensive examination of the economic value of developing space technologies, the satellite industry, the rapid expansion of space tourism, the prospects of utilizing asteroid resources, and the mechanisms of forming orbital infrastructure. In addition, the article highlights the macroeconomic effectiveness of investments directed toward the space economy, the factors influencing innovative development, and the strategic opportunities for building a competitive economy. According to the results of the analysis, the global importance of the space economy is expected to increase sharply in the coming decades, creating transformational opportunities that generate high added value for both governments and the private sector.

The article analyzes the content of the modern educational strategy, the theoretical and methodological foundations of the use of innovative educational technologies in it, and their role in increasing the efficiency of the educational process. The impact of innovative technologies on the quality of education, their contribution to the formation of student and teacher competencies are based on this.

This article analyzes the issue of developing independent thinking in primary school students as a pedagogical problem. This graduation qualification work considers the theoretical and practical foundations of the formation of students' independent thinking skills. The pedagogical problem of developing independent thinking for primary school teachers is aimed at forming students' critical analysis, problem-solving and creative approach skills. The impact of interactive teaching methods and new pedagogical tools on students' cognitive processes is also studied.

This article examines the structural, semantic, and cognitive correspondences among related and unrelated languages within the field of Comparative Linguistics. The study identifies universal patterns, reconstructable proto-forms, and divergent developments shaped by historical, sociocultural, and cognitive factors. The analysis highlights the importance of cross-linguistic comparison for understanding language evolution, typology, and the mechanisms behind linguistic diversity.

Greenhouse gas increases and climate change are both influenced by human-caused carbon dioxide emissions. A key component of the fight against climate change and global warming is the regulation and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. The transition to renewable energy sources and the reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases are topics of active discussion on a global and national scale. This is why it's critical to predict future greenhouse gases emissions in order to plan accordingly.  This research uses two separate machine learning algorithms to effectively predict Uzbekistan's CO₂ emissions. R², MSE, and MAE were the three statistical metrics used to assess the study's efficacy. Artificial neural networks had an R² of 93.8 percent, an MSE of 0.007, and an MAE of 0.005. Decision trees had an R² of 90.1 percent, an MSE of 0.011, and an MAE of 0.009. By comparing the two models, we find that ANN outperforms decision trees and produces more accurate predictions.

 This article explores how innovative strategies and digital technologies can strengthen the export potential of industrial enterprises. Key challenges—such as weak digital infrastructure, limited market information, low product innovation, and insufficient workforce skills—are identified and analyzed. The study proposes practical solutions, including digital transformation tools, AI-based market analysis, and innovation-focused management models. The findings show that applying digital technologies and innovation-driven strategies significantly improves export efficiency and global competitiveness.

 Textile manufacturing enterprises supply garment factories with various fabrics and sewing threads necessary for producing different types of clothing. Consequently, the garment industry produces seasonal, fashionable clothing that meets economic requirements for the general population and all sectors of the national economy. To utilize sewing materials effectively and produce high-quality, elegant products, industry personnel must possess a deep understanding of material sourcing, properties, mechanical characteristics, and assortments. This is because the properties of garment materials depend heavily on their fiber composition, thread structure, weave, finishing, and other related parameters.

 This article describes the concept of a green economy, its main principles, and its ecological and economic significance. The role of government subsidies in the development and implementation of green technologies in the economy is analyzed. The article examines in detail the criteria, indicators, and analytical methods for measuring the effectiveness of subsidies. International experience and practice in the conditions of Uzbekistan are also presented with examples. Problems and recommendations were presented, and measures were recommended for systematic monitoring and improving the effectiveness of subsidies.

This article examines the crucial role of language in maintaining national identity in the context of globalization. As global interconnectedness increases, many countries face challenges related to cultural assimilation, linguistic decline, and the weakening of traditional values. The study analyzes how language functions as a marker of identity, history, and collective memory, while also exploring strategies nations use to safeguard their linguistic heritage. Examples from various multilingual societies, including Uzbekistan, highlight how language policies, education, and cultural initiatives contribute to the preservation of national identity.

This article examines the effectiveness of gamification in teaching English vocabulary, highlighting its impact on learners’ motivation, engagement, and vocabulary retention. The study explores how digital platforms, mobile applications, reward systems, and game mechanics support vocabulary acquisition and enhance learners’ overall language performance.

This article explores the impact of artificial intelligence tools, particularly ChatGPT, on English language learning. It examines how AI supports learners through personalized instruction, instant feedback, vocabulary development, and interactive language practice. The study also presents practical findings based on students’ experiences using AI tools to improve their English proficiency.

This article examines the influence of motivation on English language acquisition among university students. It explores intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors, their impact on language progress, and the role of learning environments and digital tools. The findings reveal that highly motivated students acquire vocabulary 35–40% faster, and interactive learning platforms significantly enhance motivation and engagement levels.

Purpose of the study: Surkhandarya region, located in the south of Uzbekistan, is considered one of the regions with a rich historical and cultural heritage. In this oasis, ancient customs and traditional rituals have played an important role in the way of life of the people. In particular, rituals associated with the birth of a child, raising him or her, and instilling educational values ​​are distinguished by their diversity and deep meaning.

Research methods: This study was conducted using methods such as interactive methods, comparative statistics, interviews, questionnaires, and field ethnographic research.

Results of the study: This article analyzes the rituals related to raising children in the Surkhan oasis, the reasons for their formation, social function and their place in modern society. This study serves to highlight their importance in preserving traditional values, providing a healthy upbringing to the younger generation.

Conclusion: This study used ethnographic observation, interview and analytical-historical methods. Interviews were conducted with representatives of the population of different ages living in the Sherabad, Denov, Boysun, Muzrabot and Jarkurgan districts of the Surkhandarya region. Also, written sources and scientific articles available at the Institute of History of the UzRFA and local cultural centers were studied.

Understanding vegetation–temperature interactions is essential for climate-resilient agricultural planning in Uzbekistan’s diverse agro-climatic zones. This study analyzes the relationship between the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) during the 2024 vegetation season in two contrasting regions: Jarqo‘rg‘on district (Surxondaryo Region) in the arid south and Bo‘ka district (Tashkent Region) in the temperate north. Monthly MODIS NDVI and LST datasets were processed and temporally aligned in Google Earth Engine (GEE). Pearson correlation and linear regression models were applied to quantify vegetation responses to temperature variability. Results show notable regional differences. In Bo‘ka district, NDVI and LST exhibited a strong positive correlation (r = 0.71), with R² = 0.51, indicating that more than half of NDVI variability is explained by LST. The regression slope (b = 0.0085) suggests that vegetation greenness increases consistently with rising temperature during the active growth phase. In contrast, Jarqo‘rg‘on district demonstrated a moderate correlation (r = 0.61), with R² = 0.37, and a slightly lower regression slope (b = 0.0076), reflecting the district’s stronger heat exposure and potentially higher temperature-induced stress. These findings highlight the importance of integrating remote sensing–based vegetation and thermal indicators into regional climate adaptation strategies. The comparison demonstrates that vegetation in cooler agro-climatic zones responds more favorably to temperature increases, whereas vegetation in hotter regions exhibits dampened sensitivity due to thermal stress thresholds.

 This paper explores the semantic and stylistic representation of the water/suv concept in English and Uzbek through a linguo-cognitive lens. Drawing on comparative, semantic, and stylistic methodologies, the study reveals how the lexical and metaphorical realizations of the concept reflect cultural cognition and ecological perception. English employs water as a symbol of change, adaptability, and rational clarity, while Uzbek conceptualizes suv as sacred, life-giving, and spiritually purifying. Findings demonstrate that while both languages share universal archetypes of life and purity, they diverge in their cultural codification, with English favoring dynamic, process-oriented imagery and Uzbek emphasizing ethical, communal, and sacred dimensions. The research further establishes that the water/suv concept functions as a fundamental cognitive schema that integrates natural, emotional, and axiological domains of human experience. Its lexical realizations in both languages reveal how perception of the environment is filtered through cultural values and mental models. Consequently, water and suv embody not only physical substance but also conceptual categories that encode human memory, tradition, and worldview, reflecting the inseparable unity of language, thought, and culture.

 This article comprehensively studies the natural-geographical, climatic and economic factors affecting the development of the rice growing industry in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The article analyzes the potential of natural-climatic conditions for rice growing, such as fertile alluvial soils, water resources, temperature, sunlight and humidity during the growing season, typical for the Amu Darya delta regions of the region. It also highlights the impact of factors such as water scarcity, soil salinity, and climate change on the efficiency of the industry in recent years.

The integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) into the teaching of natural sciences in primary education has become a key factor in enhancing the quality and effectiveness of the learning process. Modern digital tools, including multimedia applications, virtual simulations, interactive platforms, and digital assessment systems, provide opportunities to improve students’ scientific understanding, increase motivation, and support individualized learning. This article explores strategies for improving the use of ICT in teaching natural sciences at the primary level, identifies existing challenges, and proposes methodological recommendations to strengthen digital instructional practices.

The article examines the transformation of external audit practices in commercial banks under conditions of accelerated digitalization and technological modernization of financial services. Digital transformation has fundamentally altered the architecture of banking operations, introducing complex information systems, automated decision-making algorithms, and large-scale data flows that challenge traditional external audit methodologies. The study conceptualizes external audit not merely as a mechanism of financial verification but as an adaptive analytical instrument capable of ensuring transparency, reliability, and financial stability in a digitally driven banking environment. Through critical analysis of international auditing standards, contemporary academic literature, and banking practices, the article identifies structural constraints limiting the effectiveness of external audit in digital banking. The research substantiates that audit quality can be significantly enhanced by integrating data analytics, continuous auditing models, and technology-oriented professional competencies. The findings emphasize that the effectiveness of external audit increasingly depends on its methodological adaptability to digital risks, cyber threats, and algorithmic decision processes.

This article is dedicated to exploring the strategic foundations of Artificial Intelligence (AI) governance in Uzbekistan, its emerging national legislative measures, and their comparative analysis with global ethical standards, particularly the Recommendations of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and UNESCO.