Leukemia, a malignant neoplastic disorder of hematopoietic tissues, often presents with early changes in the oral cavity that may precede systemic clinical manifestations. Oral findings are among the first indicators of hematologic dysfunction, especially in acute forms of the disease. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the oral manifestations of leukemia, discussing their pathophysiological basis, clinical presentation, diagnostic significance, and implications for dental and medical management. Emphasis is placed on differentiating oral lesions of leukemic origin from those caused by secondary infections or chemotherapy. The discussion also explores how oral health professionals can play a vital role in the early detection and multidisciplinary care of patients with leukemia.

leukemia, oral manifestations, gingival enlargement, petechiae, mucosal ulceration, hematologic malignancy, diagnosis, oral pathology.

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