This article examines the key problems, methodological approaches, and modern improvement strategies of product cost calculation within the framework of managerial accounting. The study emphasizes the importance of accurate cost determination as a fundamental tool for effective management decisions, planning, and financial control. It explores existing limitations in traditional cost accounting methods, such as incomplete cost allocation, lack of real-time data, and insufficient integration with digital management systems. Furthermore, the article highlights innovative approaches, including activity-based costing (ABC), digital accounting technologies, and artificial intelligence applications for cost optimization. Research findings show that implementing modern cost management techniques not only enhances accuracy and transparency but also increases a company’s competitiveness and decision-making efficiency.

Managerial accounting, cost calculation, cost management, methodology, product cost, activity-based costing, digital accounting, optimization.

The Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PQ–4611, dated February 24, 2020. On Additional Measures for the Implementation of the Digital Economy and E-Government Systems. Tashkent: National Database of Legislation.

Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 120, dated March 10, 2021. On Improving the Methodology of Cost Accounting and Managerial Reporting in State Enterprises. Tashkent: Government Portal.

Kaplan, R. S., & Cooper, R. (1998). Cost & Effect: Using Integrated Cost Systems to Drive Profitability and Performance. Harvard Business School Press.

Drury, C. (2018). Management and Cost Accounting (10th ed.). Cengage Learning.

Horngren, C. T., Datar, S. M., & Rajan, M. (2021). Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis (17th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.

Alnasser, S., & Alfaraj, O. (2023). “The Impact of Digitalization and AI on Cost Management Practices in Manufacturing Firms.” Journal of Accounting and Organizational Change, 19(2), 145–160.