This study explores the optimization of aniline production through the catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene using a ruthenium supported fullerene nanocatalyst. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is employed to systematically investigate the key process variables and their interactions. The experimental design, guided by RSM, enhances the yield of aniline, a valuable precursor in the chemical industry. The study reveals the influence of catalyst loading, temperature, and pressure on the catalytic conversion, shedding light on the complex kinetics of the hydrogenation reaction. The optimized conditions obtained through RSM lead to significant improvements in aniline yield, providing valuable insights into the design and application of nanocatalysts for industrial processes.