This study investigates the impact of monocrotophos, a widely used organophosphate pesticide, on the gill ultrastructure of Oreochromis mossambicus, a common freshwater fish species. Monocrotophos is known for its potential ecological risks and toxicity to aquatic organisms. Oreochromis mossambicus specimens were exposed to sublethal concentrations of monocrotophos in controlled laboratory conditions. Gill tissue samples were collected and subjected to ultrastructural analysis using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results reveal significant alterations in the gill morphology, including damage to the gill filaments, disruption of the respiratory epithelium, and changes in the structural integrity of gill lamellae. These findings provide critical insights into the sublethal effects of monocrotophos on the respiratory system of freshwater fish and have implications for aquatic ecosystem health and pesticide management.

This study delves into the multifaceted factors that influence the productivity and reproductive traits of indigenous goats in Nepal. The research examines a diverse range of environmental, genetic, and management variables to gain a comprehensive understanding of their interplay in determining goat productivity and reproductive success. The findings of this investigation will contribute valuable insights for the development of sustainable and efficient goat farming practices in Nepal.