Objective. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), currently 1 in 8 people on the planet is obese and worldwide Between 1990 and 2022, obesity among children increased from 2% to 8%, and among adults from 7% to 16%. Obesity in particular is increasing faster in women than in men, and according to the WHO, overweight and obesity in women will reach 50% by 2025, leading to an increase in diseases related to women's reproductive health, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), dysfunctional uterus bleeding, endometriosis, infertility, fetal and pregnancy pathologies. However, the mechanisms and causes of obesity are not fully understood and require comprehensive investigations.

The aim. To study the effect of people's standard of living on obesity, to determine the gender difference in the prevalence of obesity, to study the effect of obesity on the female reproductive system.

Materials and methods Articles on obesity, its etiology, and female reproductive system diseases are available in electronic databases: PubMed, Medscape, Elseveir, ResearchGate, and GoogleScholar.

Results Obesity is more common among the urban population compared to the rural population, the rates of obesity in men are close to each other in the urban and rural population, and the general rate of men is lower than that of women. Correspondingly, indicators of pregnancy and fetal pathologies in women increase according to BMI (body mass index).

Summary The fact that obesity has become an epidemic is causing an increase in women's reproductive health problems and fetal pathologies. This, in turn, requires an in-depth study of the mechanisms and causes of its spread and their minimization.

Obesity, urbanization, infertility, fetal pathologies

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