The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria necessitates the development of alternative antimicrobial agents. Nano-structured polypyrrole (PPy) has emerged as a promising material due to its unique electrical and chemical properties, which can be enhanced through advanced synthesis techniques. In this study, we investigate the antibacterial activity of nano-structured polypyrrole synthesized via cyclic voltammetry (CV). Polypyrrole films were electrochemically polymerized onto electrode substrates using CV, optimizing parameters such as scan rate and polymerization potential to control the nanostructure and morphology of the resulting polypyrrole. The antibacterial properties of the nano-fabricated polypyrrole were assessed against common bacterial strains, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, using standard disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays.

Our results reveal that the nano-structured polypyrrole exhibits significant antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones and MIC values indicating effective suppression of bacterial growth. The enhanced antibacterial performance is attributed to the increased surface area and reactive sites provided by the nanostructure, which facilitates greater interaction with bacterial cells. Additionally, the study explores the correlation between the polypyrrole's electrochemical properties and its antibacterial efficacy, providing insights into the mechanisms underlying its antimicrobial action. This research highlights the potential of cyclic voltammetry as a versatile method for fabricating nano-structured polypyrrole and suggests its applicability as an alternative antimicrobial agent. The findings offer a valuable contribution to the field of materials science and antimicrobial research, with implications for developing new strategies to combat bacterial infections.

This study investigates the durability of potential pozzolanic cement when exposed to chloride-enriched environments. Pozzolanic materials, known for their ability to enhance the properties of cement, have shown promise in improving resistance to aggressive environmental conditions. This research evaluates the performance of various pozzolanic cements in chloride media through a series of controlled laboratory experiments. Key parameters, including compressive strength, chloride ion permeability, and microstructural integrity, are analyzed to assess how well these cements withstand chloride-induced degradation.

The results reveal significant variations in performance among the pozzolanic cements tested. Certain formulations exhibit superior resistance to chloride ion penetration, leading to improved durability and longevity compared to conventional cement. The study highlights the influence of specific pozzolanic materials on the resistance of cementitious systems to chloride-induced deterioration, providing valuable insights into their application in environments prone to chloride attack. These findings offer practical implications for the construction industry, suggesting that carefully selected pozzolanic cements can enhance the longevity of concrete structures exposed to chloride-rich conditions. Future research directions are proposed to further explore the long-term performance and optimization of these materials for various engineering applications.

Objective. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), currently 1 in 8 people on the planet is obese and worldwide Between 1990 and 2022, obesity among children increased from 2% to 8%, and among adults from 7% to 16%. Obesity in particular is increasing faster in women than in men, and according to the WHO, overweight and obesity in women will reach 50% by 2025, leading to an increase in diseases related to women's reproductive health, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), dysfunctional uterus bleeding, endometriosis, infertility, fetal and pregnancy pathologies. However, the mechanisms and causes of obesity are not fully understood and require comprehensive investigations.

The aim. To study the effect of people's standard of living on obesity, to determine the gender difference in the prevalence of obesity, to study the effect of obesity on the female reproductive system.

Materials and methods Articles on obesity, its etiology, and female reproductive system diseases are available in electronic databases: PubMed, Medscape, Elseveir, ResearchGate, and GoogleScholar.

Results Obesity is more common among the urban population compared to the rural population, the rates of obesity in men are close to each other in the urban and rural population, and the general rate of men is lower than that of women. Correspondingly, indicators of pregnancy and fetal pathologies in women increase according to BMI (body mass index).

Summary The fact that obesity has become an epidemic is causing an increase in women's reproductive health problems and fetal pathologies. This, in turn, requires an in-depth study of the mechanisms and causes of its spread and their minimization.

The application of nanoparticles in medical catalysis has emerged as a promising frontier in biomedical research, offering novel pathways for therapeutic interventions. This study investigates the catalytic properties of Palladium (Pd), Gold (Au), and Iron (Fe) nanoparticles, focusing on their potential to enhance medical treatments. Through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments, we evaluate the efficiency, stability, and biocompatibility of these nanoparticles in various medical applications, including drug delivery, diagnostic imaging, and tissue engineering.

Palladium nanoparticles are highlighted for their exceptional catalytic efficiency and ability to facilitate hydrogenation reactions, making them suitable for targeted drug activation. Gold nanoparticles, renowned for their biocompatibility and ease of functionalization, demonstrate significant potential in photothermal therapy and as contrast agents in imaging techniques. Iron nanoparticles, with their magnetic properties, offer advantages in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and targeted drug delivery systems. The comparative analysis reveals that while Palladium nanoparticles excel in catalytic activity, Gold and Iron nanoparticles provide superior versatility and functionalization capabilities. The innovative use of Pd, Au, and Fe nanoparticles in medical catalysis not only enhances the efficacy of existing treatments but also opens new avenues for developing advanced therapeutic techniques.

Affective coping strength is a central determinant of how older adults regulate emotional experiences while adapting to social and environmental changes in later life. In the South Asian subcontinent, where demographic aging is accelerating alongside persistent socioeconomic transitions, community wellbeing structures play a critical role in shaping adaptive emotional and psychological responses. This study examines the relationship between affective coping mechanisms and community-based adaptation patterns among older adult populations through a survey-informed analytical synthesis grounded in established emotion and adaptation theories. The conceptual framework integrates affective science perspectives on emotional regulation and hedonic adaptation with socio-behavioral models of resilience and community integration.
The study draws upon foundational theories of emotion and adaptation, including appraisal-based emotion frameworks and hedonic adjustment mechanisms, to interpret how older adults evaluate and respond to stressors in social environments (Smith & Lazarus, 1990; Ellsworth & Scherer, 2003; Frederick & Loewenstein, 2003). Additionally, computational and systemic models of emotional processing are considered to understand structural patterns of coping behavior in complex social systems (Gratch & Marsella, 2004; Marinier & Laird, 2004). Empirical grounding is supported by contemporary findings on psychological resilience and psychosocial adaptation in aging populations within India, highlighting the role of stress resistance and community integration in emotional stability (Agarwal, Usha Rani, & V, 2023).
Findings suggest that affective coping strength in older adults is strongly influenced by three interconnected domains: emotional appraisal flexibility, social belongingness structures, and perceived community support continuity. Variations in coping efficacy are observed across differing community contexts, with stronger adaptive outcomes associated with sustained social engagement and reduced emotional forecasting bias. Hedonic adaptation processes further demonstrate that emotional recovery from stressors is partially mediated by cognitive reinterpretation and social reinforcement mechanisms.
The study contributes to gerontological psychology and socio-emotional systems research by offering an integrated perspective on affective coping and community adaptation structures. It highlights the necessity of embedding emotional resilience frameworks within community-level aging policies to enhance psychosocial wellbeing outcomes in South Asian contexts.

The rapid demographic aging in India has intensified the importance of understanding stress management abilities and psychosocial wellbeing among senior citizens. This research presents a descriptive analysis of how elderly individuals cope with stress and maintain psychological balance within evolving socio-economic and familial contexts. The study conceptualizes stress management as a dynamic, adaptive process influenced by cognitive, emotional, environmental, and systemic factors, while psychosocial wellbeing is framed as a composite outcome of mental health, social integration, and life satisfaction.

Drawing upon resilience theory and supported by Agarwal et al. (2023), the research examines how coping mechanisms, emotional regulation, and social support structures contribute to effective stress management. The study also integrates interdisciplinary insights from systems engineering and adaptive control models, using analogies from microgrid optimization and feedback-based control systems to conceptualize human stress regulation processes.

The methodology adopts a descriptive and analytical framework based on synthesis of existing literature. It identifies key determinants of stress management, including cognitive flexibility, social connectivity, environmental stability, and access to technological resources. The research further explores how adaptive feedback mechanisms—similar to those used in energy systems optimization—can enhance psychological resilience in elderly populations.

Findings indicate that individuals with strong emotional resilience and structured coping strategies demonstrate higher levels of psychosocial wellbeing. Social support and community engagement emerge as critical factors, while technological interventions show potential in bridging gaps in social connectivity. The study also identifies systemic vulnerabilities, such as isolation and lack of adaptive resources, which negatively impact stress management capacity.

The research concludes by proposing an integrated adaptive framework linking stress management abilities with psychosocial outcomes. It contributes to academic discourse by combining psychological theories with systems-based analogies, offering novel insights for policy design and intervention strategies aimed at improving the quality of life among Indian senior citizens.

The increasing discharge of zinc (Zn)-contaminated effluents from metallurgical, electroplating, and manufacturing industries has intensified the need for sustainable and efficient remediation strategies. Conventional physicochemical treatment methods often suffer from high operational costs, secondary pollution, and limited selectivity for trace metal recovery. In this context, microbial biosorption using metal-tolerant bacterial strains has emerged as a promising eco-friendly alternative. This study explores the feasibility of Zn biosorption by a tolerance-enabled bacterium for application in industrial byproduct remediation systems.
The research framework integrates microbial resistance mechanisms with adsorption-based metal uptake processes, emphasizing cell wall functional groups, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and intracellular sequestration pathways. Drawing upon established principles of environmental plasma-based and catalytic remediation systems (Gentile & Kushner, 1995; Mizuno, 2007), the study positions microbial biosorption as a biologically analogous but energy-efficient alternative for heavy metal detoxification. The role of microbial adaptation in enhancing Zn uptake efficiency is critically evaluated in light of industrial waste complexity and variability.
Recent findings indicate that zinc-resistant bacterial strains exhibit enhanced biosorption capacity through upregulated membrane transport systems and metallothionein-like protein expression. These mechanisms contribute to both passive adsorption and active bioaccumulation pathways. Importantly, the study incorporates evidence that microbial remediation systems can achieve comparable or superior removal efficiencies relative to advanced physicochemical methods when optimized under controlled environmental conditions (Pratap et al., 2022).
The paper further analyzes operational parameters such as pH, biomass concentration, initial Zn ion concentration, and contact time, which significantly influence biosorption efficiency. A comparative assessment with plasma-based waste treatment technologies (Hackam & Akiyama, 2000; Chae, 2003) highlights the lower energy footprint and higher biological adaptability of microbial systems.
Overall, this work demonstrates that tolerance-adapted bacterial strains represent a viable and scalable solution for Zn remediation in industrial wastewater streams and solid byproducts. However, limitations such as system stability, genetic variability, and field-scale implementation challenges remain critical barriers to commercialization.