The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria necessitates the development of alternative antimicrobial agents. Nano-structured polypyrrole (PPy) has emerged as a promising material due to its unique electrical and chemical properties, which can be enhanced through advanced synthesis techniques. In this study, we investigate the antibacterial activity of nano-structured polypyrrole synthesized via cyclic voltammetry (CV). Polypyrrole films were electrochemically polymerized onto electrode substrates using CV, optimizing parameters such as scan rate and polymerization potential to control the nanostructure and morphology of the resulting polypyrrole. The antibacterial properties of the nano-fabricated polypyrrole were assessed against common bacterial strains, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, using standard disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays.

Our results reveal that the nano-structured polypyrrole exhibits significant antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones and MIC values indicating effective suppression of bacterial growth. The enhanced antibacterial performance is attributed to the increased surface area and reactive sites provided by the nanostructure, which facilitates greater interaction with bacterial cells. Additionally, the study explores the correlation between the polypyrrole's electrochemical properties and its antibacterial efficacy, providing insights into the mechanisms underlying its antimicrobial action. This research highlights the potential of cyclic voltammetry as a versatile method for fabricating nano-structured polypyrrole and suggests its applicability as an alternative antimicrobial agent. The findings offer a valuable contribution to the field of materials science and antimicrobial research, with implications for developing new strategies to combat bacterial infections.

This study investigates the durability of potential pozzolanic cement when exposed to chloride-enriched environments. Pozzolanic materials, known for their ability to enhance the properties of cement, have shown promise in improving resistance to aggressive environmental conditions. This research evaluates the performance of various pozzolanic cements in chloride media through a series of controlled laboratory experiments. Key parameters, including compressive strength, chloride ion permeability, and microstructural integrity, are analyzed to assess how well these cements withstand chloride-induced degradation.

The results reveal significant variations in performance among the pozzolanic cements tested. Certain formulations exhibit superior resistance to chloride ion penetration, leading to improved durability and longevity compared to conventional cement. The study highlights the influence of specific pozzolanic materials on the resistance of cementitious systems to chloride-induced deterioration, providing valuable insights into their application in environments prone to chloride attack. These findings offer practical implications for the construction industry, suggesting that carefully selected pozzolanic cements can enhance the longevity of concrete structures exposed to chloride-rich conditions. Future research directions are proposed to further explore the long-term performance and optimization of these materials for various engineering applications.

Objective. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), currently 1 in 8 people on the planet is obese and worldwide Between 1990 and 2022, obesity among children increased from 2% to 8%, and among adults from 7% to 16%. Obesity in particular is increasing faster in women than in men, and according to the WHO, overweight and obesity in women will reach 50% by 2025, leading to an increase in diseases related to women's reproductive health, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), dysfunctional uterus bleeding, endometriosis, infertility, fetal and pregnancy pathologies. However, the mechanisms and causes of obesity are not fully understood and require comprehensive investigations.

The aim. To study the effect of people's standard of living on obesity, to determine the gender difference in the prevalence of obesity, to study the effect of obesity on the female reproductive system.

Materials and methods Articles on obesity, its etiology, and female reproductive system diseases are available in electronic databases: PubMed, Medscape, Elseveir, ResearchGate, and GoogleScholar.

Results Obesity is more common among the urban population compared to the rural population, the rates of obesity in men are close to each other in the urban and rural population, and the general rate of men is lower than that of women. Correspondingly, indicators of pregnancy and fetal pathologies in women increase according to BMI (body mass index).

Summary The fact that obesity has become an epidemic is causing an increase in women's reproductive health problems and fetal pathologies. This, in turn, requires an in-depth study of the mechanisms and causes of its spread and their minimization.

The application of nanoparticles in medical catalysis has emerged as a promising frontier in biomedical research, offering novel pathways for therapeutic interventions. This study investigates the catalytic properties of Palladium (Pd), Gold (Au), and Iron (Fe) nanoparticles, focusing on their potential to enhance medical treatments. Through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments, we evaluate the efficiency, stability, and biocompatibility of these nanoparticles in various medical applications, including drug delivery, diagnostic imaging, and tissue engineering.

Palladium nanoparticles are highlighted for their exceptional catalytic efficiency and ability to facilitate hydrogenation reactions, making them suitable for targeted drug activation. Gold nanoparticles, renowned for their biocompatibility and ease of functionalization, demonstrate significant potential in photothermal therapy and as contrast agents in imaging techniques. Iron nanoparticles, with their magnetic properties, offer advantages in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and targeted drug delivery systems. The comparative analysis reveals that while Palladium nanoparticles excel in catalytic activity, Gold and Iron nanoparticles provide superior versatility and functionalization capabilities. The innovative use of Pd, Au, and Fe nanoparticles in medical catalysis not only enhances the efficacy of existing treatments but also opens new avenues for developing advanced therapeutic techniques.