This study presents a comprehensive checklist of spider species inhabiting the Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary in Assam, India. Located in a biodiverse region, the sanctuary's spider fauna reflects a rich diversity of arachnids, yet remains relatively understudied. Through systematic surveys and taxonomic analyses, this checklist documents [number] species belonging to [number] families, highlighting their ecological roles and distribution within the sanctuary. Emphasizing the importance of such inventories for biodiversity conservation efforts, this work contributes valuable baseline data for future research and management strategies in the region.

This study investigates the use of zooplankton as bioindicators to assess the water quality of Nagpokhari, a historic pond in the Kathmandu Valley. Zooplankton are sensitive to environmental changes and can provide valuable insights into aquatic ecosystem health. Systematic sampling was conducted over a period of [study duration], and zooplankton species were identified and quantified. Water quality parameters, including pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and nutrient levels, were measured concurrently. Our findings revealed a correlation between zooplankton community structure and water quality indicators. The presence of specific zooplankton taxa, such as [example taxa], indicated varying levels of pollution and nutrient loading. This study underscores the importance of using zooplankton biomonitoring as an effective tool for assessing and managing water quality in urban aquatic ecosystems. The results contribute to the development of sustainable management practices for Nagpokhari, ensuring its ecological integrity and cultural significance are preserved.

The increasing challenge of municipal sewage water management necessitates innovative and sustainable solutions. This study investigates the potential of aquatic weeds in treating sewage water from Vellalore, a municipality facing significant water pollution issues. Aquatic weeds, known for their rapid growth and high bioaccumulation capabilities, offer an eco-friendly alternative to conventional sewage treatment methods. In this study, various species of aquatic weeds were utilized to treat sewage water through a series of controlled experiments. Parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), and heavy metal concentrations were measured before and after treatment to evaluate the efficacy of the aquatic weeds. The results demonstrated a substantial reduction in COD, BOD, and TSS, indicating the effectiveness of aquatic weeds in purifying sewage water. Furthermore, significant removal of heavy metals was observed, showcasing the phytoremediation potential of these plants. The study also explored the optimal conditions for maximizing the treatment efficiency, including plant species selection, density, and treatment duration.

Copepods, a diverse group of small crustaceans found in nearly all aquatic environments, play a crucial role in marine and freshwater ecosystems. This short note provides a synthesis of current knowledge on copepods, highlighting their ecological significance, biological characteristics, and the latest research trends. Emphasizing their role in the food web, the note outlines copepods' contributions to nutrient cycling and their function as a primary food source for many marine organisms. Recent advancements in copepod research, including genetic studies, ecological modeling, and the impacts of climate change, are discussed to provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends. This synthesis aims to underscore the importance of copepods in ecological studies and to encourage further research in understanding their adaptive strategies and responses to environmental changes.

The wetlands of the Kashmir Himalayas are crucial ecosystems that support diverse bird populations, playing a significant role in maintaining regional biodiversity. This study aims to investigate bird abundance and diversity in the floodplain wetlands of the Kashmir Himalayas, focusing on seasonal variations and ecological factors influencing bird populations. Field surveys were conducted across different seasons to document bird species' presence, abundance, and distribution. A total of [X] bird species were recorded, belonging to [Y] families, with notable species including [mention key species, if applicable]. The highest bird abundance was observed during the [mention season, e.g., winter], coinciding with migratory patterns and the availability of food resources. Statistical analyses revealed that water depth, vegetation cover, and habitat heterogeneity significantly influenced bird abundance. This study highlights the importance of the Kashmir Himalayan wetlands as critical habitats for avian species and underscores the need for conservation efforts to protect these wetlands from anthropogenic threats such as habitat degradation and pollution. The findings provide valuable insights into the ecological dynamics of wetland bird communities and can inform future conservation strategies in the region.