This research provides a comprehensive examination of the evolution of global financial reporting, tracing the trajectory from localized accounting traditions to the contemporary push for universal standards. By synthesizing historical institutionalism with modern technological paradigms, the article analyzes the socio-political and economic tensions inherent in the international harmonization debate. Drawing on a diverse range of case studies including China, the European Union, and emerging economies in Eastern Europe and the Middle East, the study explores how political ideology, national culture, and state-profession relationships shape the adoption and implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The research further investigates the transition from manual reconciliation to AI-assisted multi-GAAP frameworks, arguing that while technology offers a technical solution to complexity, it does not eliminate the underlying institutional frictions. The findings suggest that "convergence" is not a linear process of unification but a continuous negotiation between global capital demands and local sovereignty. The article concludes by proposing a refined theoretical model for understanding accounting as a social and institutional practice rather than a mere technical exercise.

Global Accounting Convergence, IFRS, Institutional Theory, Political Ideology

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