The increasing complexity of e-learning environments requires effective frameworks for modeling and managing the interactions among various elements within these systems. This paper presents a comprehensive ontology-based model for e-learning ecosystems, aiming to structure the dynamic relationships between students, instructors, content, and technology in a unified framework. The model leverages ontological principles to represent the diverse entities and their interconnections, providing a semantic foundation that facilitates improved understanding, adaptability, and scalability of e-learning systems. By using ontology, the model enhances the ability to describe complex interactions and support intelligent decision-making in e-learning environments. The paper also discusses the advantages of ontology-based modeling, such as improved interoperability, content retrieval, and personalized learning experiences. A case study is included to demonstrate the practical application of the model in real-world e-learning scenarios, highlighting its potential to address challenges such as content adaptation, learner engagement, and resource allocation. The proposed ontology-based approach is expected to offer significant contributions to the design, development, and optimization of e-learning ecosystems.