Lie detection in criminalistics is a multifaceted challenge that intersects with various domains of psychology, neuroscience, and forensic science. This study explores the complexities involved in detecting deception within criminal investigations, emphasizing both the theoretical and practical aspects of lie detection methodologies. It critically examines traditional techniques such as polygraph testing, voice stress analysis, and behavioral cues, while also considering emerging technologies and their efficacy. The research addresses the limitations and potential inaccuracies associated with these methods, including issues related to individual differences, cultural variances, and situational factors. By integrating insights from recent advancements in neuroimaging and machine learning, the study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current practices and propose future directions for improving the reliability and validity of lie detection in criminalistics. The findings underscore the need for a nuanced approach that combines multiple methodologies and incorporates ongoing research to enhance the accuracy and ethical application of lie detection in the justice system.

lie detection, criminalistics, polygraph testing

Gale, A., (Eds.), (1988).The Polygraph Test: Lies, Truth and Science.Sage Publications in association with the British Psychological Society. London: Newbury Park.

Honts, C.R., Raskin, D.C., &Kircher, J.C. (1994). Mental and physical countermeasures reduce the accuracy of polygraph tests. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 252-259.

Horowitz, S.W., Kircher, J.C., Honts, C.R., &Raskin, D.C. (1997). The role of comparison questions in physiological detection of deception. Psychophysiology, 34, 108-115.

Iacono, W.G., & Patrick, C.J. (1999). Polygraph ("lie detector") testing: The state of the art. In A.K.Hess&I.B.Weiner (Eds.) The handbook of forensic psychology (2nd ed.) (pp. 440-473). New York: John Wiley.

Jaworski, R. (2006). Situational Sequencing Tests in Polygraph Examination.In Antagonistic Polygraph Examination (pp. 24-63). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wroclawckiego: Wroclaw.

Konieczny, J. (2010). Polygraph Examination as Scientific Evidence. European Polygraph, 4(13), 103-160.

Konieczny, J., Wilcox, D. (Ed.) (2009). The Use of the Polygraph in Assessing, Treating and Supervising Sex Offenders. A Practitioner's Guide. Wiley-Blackwell:Chichester.

Saldžiūnas, V., Kovalenka, A. (2011).Efficiency Formula for Polygraph Examination. European Polygraph, 5(17-18), 135-142.

Undeutsch, U. (2007). The actual use of investigative physiopsychological examinations in Germany.European Polygraph,1(1), 17–19.

Widacki, J., Konieczny, J. (2009). Badaniapoligraficzne-podrecznik dla zawodowców (Polygraphexamination. Handbook for professionals). Wydawnictwo Akademickiei Profesjonalne: Warszawa.