Child abuse and trafficking remain pressing human rights challenges in India, despite the existence of a comprehensive legal and institutional framework aimed at prevention, protection, and prosecution. This study examines the role of state mechanisms and judicial mandates in addressing these issues, focusing on the implementation and efficacy of key legislations such as the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, the Juvenile Justice Act, and relevant provisions of the Indian Penal Code. Through a review of landmark judicial decisions, government policies, and national action plans, the paper evaluates systemic gaps, enforcement challenges, and best practices. Special attention is given to inter-agency coordination, victim rehabilitation, child protection services, and the role of judiciary-led interventions in strengthening child rights. The findings suggest that while legislative frameworks are robust, their success hinges on effective implementation, capacity-building, and community-based vigilance. The paper concludes with policy recommendations to create a more resilient and child-centric justice system in India.

Child abuse, child trafficking, judicial mandates

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