This paper explores the intricate interplay between theoretical and normative frameworks in establishing the legitimacy of criminal law. Legitimacy in criminal law is a multifaceted concept that hinges on a delicate balance between societal norms, legal principles, and moral considerations. The study delves into various theoretical perspectives, including natural law, legal positivism, and social contract theory, to elucidate the foundational elements that contribute to the perception of criminal law as legitimate. Furthermore, it examines the normative principles that underpin the enforcement and acceptance of criminal statutes, such as justice, fairness, and the rule of law. Through a comprehensive analysis of these dimensions, the paper aims to provide a holistic understanding of how legitimacy is constructed, maintained, and challenged within the criminal justice system. By integrating theoretical insights with normative imperatives, this research offers a robust framework for evaluating the legitimacy of criminal law in contemporary society.

This study delves into the burgeoning field of cyber criminology, focusing on the intricate characteristics of internet crimes and the profiles of those who commit them. As the digital landscape expands, so does the complexity and prevalence of cybercrimes, ranging from identity theft and financial fraud to cyberstalking and hacking. This research aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the various types of internet crimes, identifying common patterns and methods used by cybercriminals. Utilizing a multidisciplinary approach, the study integrates insights from criminology, psychology, and information technology to build a robust understanding of cybercriminal behavior. The analysis draws on case studies, statistical data, and expert interviews to uncover the motivations, tactics, and socio-demographic profiles of internet offenders. Particular attention is given to the psychological traits and technological skills that differentiate cybercriminals from traditional criminals. he study highlights the challenges faced by law enforcement agencies in detecting, preventing, and prosecuting internet crimes, emphasizing the need for advanced technological tools and international cooperation. It offers valuable insights for policymakers, law enforcement, and cybersecurity professionals, aiming to enhance strategies for combating internet crimes and mitigating their impact on society.

This study examines the domestic legal framework addressing sexual violence in Nigeria, with the aim of evaluating its effectiveness in providing justice and support for victims. The analysis explores the key laws and regulations, including the Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act, the Criminal Code, and the Penal Code, while highlighting their strengths and limitations. By reviewing case studies, legal precedents, and the roles of various institutions, this paper identifies gaps in legislation and enforcement that hinder the protection of survivors and the prosecution of offenders. The study also considers the sociocultural factors that influence the implementation of these laws. Recommendations are provided for strengthening the legal framework, improving enforcement mechanisms, and promoting comprehensive support systems for victims. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on sexual violence in Nigeria and advocates for legal reforms to ensure a more robust and victim-centered approach to justice.

This study explores the critical role of university education in shaping and sustaining democratic values in Mexico, focusing on the essential criteria that contribute to the democratic process and the challenges faced in this context. University education is pivotal in fostering an informed and engaged citizenry, which is fundamental for the health and advancement of democratic institutions. This research examines how Mexican universities contribute to democratic principles through curriculum design, civic engagement, and the promotion of critical thinking. The analysis begins by identifying the core components of democracy—such as civic responsibility, political participation, and human rights—and evaluates how these are integrated into university education. It further investigates the alignment between educational practices and democratic values, considering both successes and areas for improvement. Challenges such as political influence, social inequality, and resource constraints are discussed in relation to their impact on the effectiveness of university education in promoting democratic ideals. Through a combination of literature review, case studies, and interviews with educators and students, the study provides insights into how Mexican universities can better support democratic development. The findings highlight the need for reforms to enhance curriculum relevance, encourage active citizenship, and address disparities that affect educational outcomes. The research concludes with recommendations for strengthening the role of university education in democratic development, emphasizing the importance of integrating democratic principles into educational practices and fostering an environment that supports both academic excellence and civic engagement.