This study investigates the validation of the Police Legitimacy Scale (PLS) within the Canadian context, providing empirical evidence of its reliability and validity in assessing public perceptions of police legitimacy. The PLS, developed to measure the legitimacy of law enforcement agencies, has gained widespread use globally. However, its application and validation in Canada have remained limited. Through a comprehensive survey of Canadian citizens, this research examines the factor structure, internal consistency, and construct validity of the PLS. The findings highlight the scale’s effectiveness in capturing key dimensions of police legitimacy, such as fairness, transparency, and accountability, while also offering insights into regional and demographic variations in perceptions of the police. The study also discusses the implications for law enforcement agencies in Canada, emphasizing the importance of fostering public trust and legitimacy in policing practices. The results contribute to the growing body of literature on police legitimacy and inform policy recommendations aimed at improving community-police relations in Canada.

This study examines the relationship between employment status and household consumption patterns in India using the dependency approach. With a diverse economy and varying employment conditions across urban and rural regions, understanding the link between employment status and consumption behavior is crucial for policymakers. The research investigates how different employment statuses—such as salaried, self-employed, unemployed, and others—affect household spending patterns. By applying the dependency approach, which focuses on the interdependence of income sources and consumption behavior, the study provides a detailed analysis of how employment stability, income variability, and economic participation shape household consumption in India. The findings reveal that employed households tend to exhibit more stable and predictable consumption patterns, while unemployed households show significant fluctuations. The study also highlights the economic and social factors influencing consumption in different demographic groups, offering valuable insights for targeted economic policies and welfare programs.