This study delves into the characterization of surface layers within Mo/Si multilayer structures, employing Total Electron Yield (TEY) and X-ray Reflectivity (XRR) techniques. Mo/Si multilayers are pivotal components in advanced optical systems, such as extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. Understanding and optimizing their surface properties are paramount for enhancing performance. Through a meticulous analysis, we unveil the structural and compositional details of the surface layer and explore their implications for optical performance. This research contributes to the refinement of Mo/Si multilayer designs and paves the way for improved optical systems in diverse applications.

This research introduces an innovative optical flocculation approach for water treatment utilizing micro/nano polymeric beads. The method harnesses the unique optical properties of these beads to enhance the flocculation process, enabling efficient removal of chemical contaminations from water sources. Through a combination of advanced materials science and optical engineering, the study explores the efficacy of micro/nano polymeric beads in aggregating and precipitating contaminants. The findings present a promising avenue for environmentally friendly and resource-efficient water treatment strategies, with implications for improving water quality and addressing global challenges related to chemical pollution.