Congenital heart defects (CHDs) represent one of the most significant challenges in pediatric cardiology and cardiovascular surgery worldwide [1]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the incidence of CHDs ranges from 8 to 12 per 1,000 live births [2]. In the structure of childhood mortality, cardiovascular pathology remains one of the leading causes, with CHDs accounting for 30–45% of all mortality associated with congenital developmental anomalies [3].

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