With the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV infection has become a therapeutically controllable disease. Despite this, there is a complex epidemic situation with HIV infection. Antiretroviral therapy leads to a significant reduction in the risk of sexual transmission of HIV.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a prevalent condition that affects a significant portion of the global population, often accompanied by a variety of physical and psychological symptoms. This study aims to explore the correlation between the clinico-endoscopic findings and the mental health status of GERD patients. A total of 200 patients diagnosed with GERD were enrolled in this comparative study. Each patient underwent a comprehensive clinical assessment, including endoscopic examination and standardized mental health evaluation using validated psychological questionnaires. The results revealed a significant association between the severity of endoscopic findings and the mental health status of patients, with higher levels of anxiety and depression observed in those with more severe endoscopic manifestations. This study underscores the importance of a holistic approach in the management of GERD, suggesting that addressing mental health issues could be crucial in improving patient outcomes. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms linking GERD and mental health and to develop integrated treatment strategies that cater to both physical and psychological aspects of the disease.

The article explores the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on healthcare, focusing on its applications in medical diagnostics, personalized medicine, patient monitoring, and surgery. It highlights the improvements AI brings in diagnostic accuracy and treatment personalization while also addressing challenges such as data quality, ethical considerations, and job displacement. The analysis is based on a review of various scholarly sources, including research from ScienceDirect, MDPI, Elsevier, and the Journal of Consortium, covering studies and data from recent years up to 2024.

A significant deviation of the nasal septum is one of the most common local factors that accompanies PN pathology and requires single-stage surgical correction with other anatomical structures. The nasal septum, consisting of the anterior cartilaginous and posterior bone segments, is one of the anatomical structures that occupy a central position in the nasal cavity. The bony part of the septum consists of a perpendicular ethmoidal bone graft and the vomer, while the cartilaginous part consists of a rectangular cartilage. Deformation of the nasal septum causes hypertrophy of the nasal turbinates, vasomotor changes, creates conditions for the development of acute rhinitis and the formation of chronic rhinitis and sinusitis.

Diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses are the leading pathology of ENT organs, the causes of which are the widespread prevalence of viral respiratory tract injuries, the unfavorable environmental situation in many regions, a decrease in immunity, smoking, and the influence of harmful occupational factors. In addition, congenital or acquired anatomical changes, such as deformation of the nasal septum, hypertrophy of the nasal turbinates, polyps, adenoids, etc., play an important role in the pathogenesis of this pathology. Simultaneous operations (from English "simultaneous" - simultaneously) are complex surgical operations aimed at simultaneous surgical correction of two or more diseases of various organs in one or more anatomical areas. Simultaneous surgeries are particularly important in cases where there is a pathogenetic link between two surgical diseases. In cases where the existing combined pathology is not simultaneously surgically corrected, the disease may worsen in the postoperative period. It should be noted that simultaneous surgical correction has economic efficiency compared to separate operations, which reduces bed-days by 2 or more times, reduces costs for examinations, pre-and postoperative treatment, and anesthetic drugs.

The work was carried out in the city maternity hospital of the city of Bukhara, 25 pregnant women were tested: 15 women with gestational hypertension and 10 patients without it. As a result of examination during pregnancy, which develops with gestational hypertension, the main part of red blood cells, as in the control group (89.60±5.60%), was represented by normocytes (65.40±3.50%). At the same time, the development of poikilocytosis was also observed. We have shown that during pregnancy with existing gestational hypertension in erythrocytes there was a significant (p<0.05) increase in the space index of the width of the cell by its height in the center (Area), which amounted to 64.84±2.50 μm2 (46.08 ±2.60μm 2). The cell volume values ​​changed even more (10153.19±250.00μm3 _ 8443.50±223.50 μm3). Thus, it can be stated that the deformability of erythrocytes shown by us is a decisive factor in changing the state of the blood. At the same time, a decrease in the elasticity of the erythrocyte, that is, an increase in their rigidity, leads to an increase in its viscosity.

Proteіn kіnase C (PKC) has been іmplіcated іn the regulatіon of smooth muscle cell (SMC) contractіon and may contrіbute to aіrway hyperresponsіveness. Here, we combіned optіcal and bіochemіcal analyses of mouse lung slіces to determіne the effects of PKC actіvatіon on Ca²⁺ sіgnalіng, Ca²⁺ sensіtіvіty, proteіn phosphorylatіon, and contractіon іn SMCs of small іntrapulmonary aіrways. We found that 10 µM phorbol-12-myrіstate-13-acetate or 1 µM phorbol 12,13-dіbutyrate іnduced repetіtіve, unsynchronіzed, and transіent contractіons of the SMCs lіnіng the aіrway lumen. These contractіons were assocіated wіth low frequency Ca²⁺ oscіllatіons іn aіrway SMCs that resulted from Ca²⁺ іnflux through L-type voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels and the subsequent release of Ca²⁺ from іntracellular stores through ryanodіne receptors. Phorbol ester stіmulatіon of lung slіces іn whіch SMC іntracellular Ca²⁺ concentratіon ([Ca²⁺]_і) was “clamped” at a hіgh concentratіon іnduced strong aіrway contractіon, іndіcatіng that PKC medіated sensіtіzatіon of the contractіle response to [Ca²⁺].

Endometrial cancer, also known as cancer of the uterus, is a type of malignancy that affects the endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus. It is one of the most common gynecological cancers in women, particularly those of postmenopausal age. According to the American Cancer Society, endometrial cancer accounts for approximately 3% of all cancers in women worldwide. The disease is often asymptomatic in its early stages, making it essential for women to be aware of the symptoms and risk factors associated with endometrial cancer. This article aims to discuss the symptoms and treatment options available for endometrial cancer.

Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical condition resulting from any structural and functional heart disease that leads to the inability to fill the chambers of the heart or move blood forward. Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most important cause of chronic heart failure (CHF) in children.

В данной статье современные педагогические технологии, внедрение информационных технологий в сфере здравоохранения, повышение качества обслуживания, существенное увеличение работы сотрудников, снижение затрат на оказание услуг пациентам, задачи информационных технологий в сфере здравоохранения. медицины и здравоохранения, в медицинском образовании упоминается об определении особенностей образования на основе компетентностного подхода преподавателей.

The article covers Newton's laws, Newton's laws in the field of medicine in immobility and immobilization, homeostasis and physiological stability, surgery and traumatology, Orthopedic prostheses and devices use, Muscle contraction (compression), injury effects, physiotherapy and rehabilitation exercises, affecting bones and joints. gravity, weightlessness in space, gravity and blood circulation, osteoporosis and gravity are discussed.

 In this article, the analysis of biological databases, the opinion of health analysts, Metabolic diseases, urea cycle disorders, various bioinformatic calculation tools of congenital malformations, medical data, physiological data of organs, electronic components, computer chips, DNA, RNA, 3D protein structures, and reconstruction of bio-molecular interactions in biology.

Heart rate variability analysis is a new methodology for studying the processes of regulation of physiological functions, and the circulatory system is considered as an indicator of the adaptive reactions of the whole body. The clinical importance of studying heart rate variability is emphasized. The circulatory system is considered as a sensitive indicator of the adaptive reactions of the whole organism, and the variability of the heart rate reflects well the level of tension of the regulatory systems due to the activation of the autonomic nervous system in response to any stressful effect. The dynamics of autonomic regulation of heart activity was studied during the initial training period of military servicemen. First-year cadets are shown to have an average predominance of the tone of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, characterized by hormonal imbalances, irregular menstrual cycles, and metabolic issues such as insulin resistance. This paper evaluates the current evidence on the effectiveness of dietary and exercise interventions in managing PCOS, with a focus on their impact on metabolic, reproductive, and psychological outcomes. A comprehensive review of the literature highlights the effectiveness of lifestyle modifications in reducing symptoms, improving metabolic profiles, and enhancing the quality of life for women with PCOS. The findings suggest that personalized lifestyle interventions should be integral to PCOS management strategies, alongside traditional medical treatments.

This article focuses on the study of alkylation reactions of p-nitrophenol in the presence of nanocatalysts. The formation of C-alkyl and O-alkyl products was observed in the alkylation reactions and the composition of isomers was determined. Benzyl chloride was selected as the best alkylating agent for the reactions, and alkylation under mild conditions gives mainly O-benzyl products. As a catalyst, TiO₂·SiO₂/FeCl₃ catalyst, FeCl₃ nanocatalyst soaked in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was used and it was found that the selectivity increased.

 Diseases of the oral mucosa are one of the most complex, urgent problems of dentistry, and to date they have been least studied in terms of etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and especially treatment among other dental diseases (Barer G.M., 2005; Rabinovich I.M., 2010).

At the moment, there are fairly accurate clinical criteria for the diagnosis of inflammatory periodontal diseases, there are a large number of different methods of treating gingivitis, which reflect the attempts of researchers and clinicians to have a therapeutic effect on various links in the pathogenesis of the pathological process (Gerasimovich L.M., 2003). However, despite the significant achievements of modern dentistry, the frequency of relapses of transition to the developed forms of inflammatory diseases remains high. Progressive lesion of the periapical tissues often leads to the loss of teeth and can be a source of many diseases (Bascones- Martinez A., 2005).

Therefore, the urgency of the problem of detection, diagnosis, treatment of gingivitis comes to the fore and requires careful study and search for ways and effective methods of providing dental care.

cording to the definition of the World Health Organization, obesity is defined as an unusual or excessive accumulation of fat that can be harmful to health. It is a global medical and social problem for healthcare in all countries of the world and patients of all ages. The incidence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in the world is almost 40% of the adult population, and obesity is 13% (Lee et al., 2020). The global prevalence of obesity almost tripled from 1975 to 2016 and continues to grow.

According to modern concepts, the key factors leading to the development of metabolic disorders in MS are an increase in visceral fat mass and a decrease in peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulin with the development of compensatory hyperinsulinemia, which are associated with disorders of carbohydrate, lipid, purine metabolism and arterial hypertension [All-Russian Scientific Society of Cardiology (VNOK), 2021].

Cervical cancer (cervical cancer) is one of the most common types of cancer in women. It occurs as a result of the growth and change of the tissues of the cervix. Early detection and diagnosis of BBS is critical to save women's lives. This article provides information on the detection and diagnosis of cervical cancer using UST (ultrasonography) examinations.

Bioactive groups were identified and methods for their identification and determination in the herbal preparation Sedavit, tablets, were developed. Methods were developed for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the identification of polyphenolic compounds and the quantitative determination of pyridoxine and nicotinamide; gas chromatography (GC) for the determination of isovaleric acid, spectrophotometry (SP) for the quantitative determination of flavonoids.

According to the definition of the World Health Organization, obesity is defined as an unusual or excessive accumulation of fat that can be harmful to health. It is a global medical and social problem for healthcare in all countries of the world and patients of all ages. The incidence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in the world is almost 40% of the adult population, and obesity is 13% (Lee et al., 2020). The global prevalence of obesity almost tripled from 1975 to 2016 and continues to grow.

According to modern concepts, the key factors leading to the development of metabolic disorders in MS are an increase in visceral fat mass and a decrease in peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulin with the development of compensatory hyperinsulinemia, which are associated with disorders of carbohydrate, lipid, purine metabolism and arterial hypertension [All-Russian Scientific Society of Cardiology (VNOK), 2021].

Currently, in Uzbekistan, the HIV epidemic is in a concentrated stage and is primarily spreading among vulnerable population groups that are at the highest risk of HIV infection. These groups include people who inject drugs (PWID), individuals engaged in commercial sex work (CSW), and men who have sex with men (MSM).

The association between styrene polymers and the development or worsening of periodontal disease was studied in 1,473 workers from two industrial settings: plants producing or using styrene monomers or its polymers. A significant increase in the number of periodontal disease cases was found in the exposed workers, and styrene dust, mainly containing degraded materials and a few very small spheres, was identified as the potential causative factor. Experimental studies further demonstrated that styrene dimers caused back-migration in the saliva and were able to inhibit some of the saliva enzyme-derived enzymes, leading to a temporary decrease in antibacterial action. This study discusses some strategies to enhance the quality of periodontal disease treatment for exposed workers. These may include specific individual follow-up, campaigns to create workers' awareness of the problem, dentists' awareness while treating exposed subjects, and detailed anamnesis prescriptions addressed to the exposed workers treated by Periodontology Units.

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a multisystem disease characterized by the production in the human body of large amounts of antibodies to phospholipids, the chemical structures that make up parts of the cell. APS is one of the most urgent multidisciplinary problems of modern medicine and is considered as a unique model of autoimmune thrombotic vasculopathy. APS is the cause of recurrent miscarriage in 27-42%. More often detected in women (5:1). In recent years, in the scientific field, we are increasingly faced with the problem of combining APS with other pathologies, for example, with hypertensive conditions during pregnancy. In this article, we have provided our opinion on APS associated hypertension during pregnancy.

Bronchial asthma (BA) is the most common chronic allergic respiratory disease, the onset of which more often occurs in childhood [1, 2]. The urgency of the problem of bronchial asthma is explained by the steady growth in all countries of the world, including Uzbekistan, of cases with a more severe clinical course, often ending in death [1-7].

Chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis is an inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa, characterized by the appearance of aphthous lesions, a long course with periodic relapses and is often accompanied by diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Chronic cholecystitis is an inflammatory disease of the gallbladder wall. It develops due to the formation of stones in the gallbladder, which leads to stagnation of bile. Periodically arising and passing inflammations lead to changes in the wall of the gallbladder with the development of chronic calculous cholecystitis in it. Along with the general clinical signs of chronic calculous cholecystitis, changes in the oral mucosa develop.

 Relevance. In patients with comorbidities, the barrier resistance of periodontal tissues decreases due to oral homeostasis damage, which increases the severity of inflammatory periodontal diseases and needs the interaction of dentists and internists to develop common approaches to such patients' treatment and management.
Aim. The study aimed to study the periodontal and oral hygiene indices and the oral fluid mineral composition in dental patients with comorbidity.

Human ear, organ of hearing and equilibrium that detects and analyzes sound by transduction (or the conversion of sound waves into electrochemical impulses) and maintains the sense of balance (equilibrium). The human ear, like that of other mammals, contains sense organs that serve two quite different functions: that of hearing and that of postural equilibrium and coordination of head and eye movements.

This article is about approaches and methods of teaching foreign languages in medical educational institutions. The approach refers to theories about the nature of language and language learning that serve as a source of practices and principles in Language Teaching. this article was written in an analysis aossi using internet resources.

It is known that women all over the world experience various mood disorders. Especially such problems among mothers negatively affect the relationship between mother and child, which can cause serious harm to the physical and mental health of the future generation. The main causes of these mental disorders are economic difficulties, unemployment, various disasters and conflicts, and depression is one of the main factors. [1,8,9]

This article aims to study postpartum depression in mothers and the factors causing depression, as well as its signs. The study involved 18 women with children under one year of age undergoing treatment. Their mood was checked using the Edinburgh scale, and mood problems were identified. [10]

The presented work contaіns a detaіled analysіs of the actіvіtіes of the forensіc medіcal servіce іn all terrіtorіal forensіc medіcal examіnatіon bureaus. Іt was establіshed that durіng the analyzed perіod, wіth a contіnuіng shortage of personnel, there was an іnsіgnіfіcant іncrease іn the number of examіnatіons and studіes, except for forensіc bіologіcal and medіcal-crіmіnalіstіc.

Resіdentіal postgraduate teachіng suffers from problems such as long and unstructured presentatіons contaіnіng much hіstorіcal іnformatіon and tіme constraіnts due to іncreasіng workload. The learner-centered SNAPPS sіx-step pneumonіc model modіfіes the teachіng process by reducіng factual presentatіon whіle encouragіng clіnіcal reasonіng. Thіs study was desіgned to evaluate the effectіveness of SNAPPS compared to tradіtіonal case presentatіon іn facіlіtatіng clіnіcal reasonіng іn a resіdentіal settіng.

The article covers the section of toxicological chemistry concerning the determination of pesticides in biological objects. The article reflects information on the pharmacotoxicokinetic characteristics, toxicology, physicochemical properties of the most common pesticides and their metabolites.

Treatment of pulpitis using bioceramics ensures the preservation of the functional properties of the pulp, the dentin bridge and prevents periodontal complications compared with filling the pulp with a calcium hydroxide-based material. The effectiveness of treatment in the main group was 72.4%, in the control group – 27.6%.

Herpesvirus infection (HVI) occupies one of the leading places among human viral diseases due to the widespread prevalence of the virus and the ability to permanently persist in the human body after primary infection. According to WHO, 90 to 100% of the world's population is infected with herpes simplex viruses (HSV) types 1 and 2. Based on the analysis of scientific research and scientific literature data, we can conclude that large-scale studies on this problem are needed in Uzbekistan. The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of the biologically active supplement "Reptin-plant" in the complex treatment of patients with herpetic stomatitis and the therapeutic effect of photodynamic therapy with the PDU device in patients with HSV. We observed 85 patients diagnosed with HSV aged 18 to 40 years, divided into three groups depending on the therapy. All patients were mainly treated on an outpatient basis. Analysis of the data obtained from the treatment results showed that the group of HSV patients who received complex treatment (traditional treatment + Reptin-plant + PDU) was more effective than traditional therapy alone.

Carotid artery stenosis is a narrowing of the carotid arteries, which can significantly affect cerebral perfusion. This process leads to reduced blood flow to the brain and increases the risk of ischemic stroke in some cases. The morphology of stenosis (its shape and structure) and the dynamics of blood flow are critical in understanding how stenosis influences cerebral perfusion. In addition, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), an enzyme involved in extracellular matrix remodeling, has emerged as a key biomarker in ischemia prediction. This article aims to explore the interplay between carotid artery stenosis, hemodynamic changes, and the role of MMP-9 in predicting cerebral ischemia.

Varicose eczema, being a frequent dermatological manifestation of chronic venous diseases, nevertheless remains an insufficiently studied problem. Not being a dangerous disease, varicose eczema significantly reduces the quality of life of patients. The term "varicose eczema", although it has become common, is ambiguous. The problem of varicose eczema is primarily organizational: effective diagnosis and treatment require the interaction of surgeons and dermatologists. Until now, there are no uniform approaches to the diagnosis of skin lesions in chronic venous insufficiency. The difficulties lie in the variety of skin changes in this pathology. The proposed algorithm and diagnostic criteria can fill this gap.

Premature newborns, especially children with extremely low body weight (<1500 g), require special attention in terms of nutritional support. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 15 million premature babies are born every year, which is 11% of all births in the world [1]. Nutritional deficiencies during this critical period can have a lasting impact on growth, development, and overall health. The main task of feeding premature infants is to ensure an adequate supply of energy and nutrients to maintain growth and development close to intrauterine rates [2]. This article discusses various feeding schemes for premature newborns, their features and effectiveness.

Bronchial asthma (BA) is a serious chronic respiratory tract disease characterized by periodic episodes of bronchial obstruction leading to attacks of suffocation, coughing and shortness of breath. In the regions of the Aral Sea region, where there is a high degree of air pollution by dust and salt particles, as well as a shortage of clean water, the prevalence of bronchial asthma has specific features. The influence of negative environmental factors exacerbates the course of the disease, which affects both early and late symptoms of the disease [1], [8].

The development of cognitive thinking in medical students is a vital aspect of medical education. It enhances their ability to think critically, solve problems effectively, and make informed decisions. The SNAPPS model, which stands for Summarize, Narrow, Analyze, Probe, Plan, and Select, is an effective model for developing cognitive thinking in medical students. This model, developed by Dr. Wolpaw and his colleagues in 2003, is a learner-centered approach that encourages students to actively engage with clinical cases and develop their critical thinking skills. This article will explore the technologies that can be used to support the development of cognitive thinking in medical students based on the SNAPPS model.

In the experiment, the effects of metformin+zinc+omega3 complex were evaluated in male and female rabbits modeled with metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis. In this case, systolic pressure and diastolic pressure were evaluated according to the results of laboratory analyses. Metformin+zinc+omega3 drug can be recommended in practice as a means of pathogenetic treatment of metabolic syndrome and bone destructive changes. 

The problem of diagnosing orphan diseases is relevant due to the extreme heterogeneity of these diseases both in terms of the organs and systems they affect and in the degree of clinical polymorphism. The patient visits a number of specialists before receiving the correct diagnosis. [6]

Complexes were obtained by adding Zn(II) and Cd(II) salts with ligands obtained based on modification of urea-tiurea resin with aminoacetic acid, aminosuccinic acid, 2-aminopentane diacids. The composition of the obtained complexes was studied by element analysis in a scanning microscope.

Diammine silver fluoride is a promising preparation for use in dentistry, especially for the prevention and treatment of dental caries in children. The advantages and disadvantages of using diammine silver fluoride preparations are presented in the article.

In Khorezm region, in 2019-2020, the number of car accidents, injuries and deaths from car accidents is high mainly on the roads of state importance. It was 13 times higher than car accidents on international roads, 2.3 times higher than local roads, 4 times higher than city roads and 25 times higher than domestic roads. Injuries were 13 times higher than international roads, 2.1 times higher than local roads, 3.8 times higher than urban roads, and 23.4 times higher than domestic roads. The death rate was found to be 7 times higher than the level on international roads, 4 times higher than the level on local roads, 7 times higher than city roads and 23.4 times higher than domestic roads.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often affects women of childbearing age, which determines a long-standing interest in studying the mutual effects of pregnancy and RA. In the first observation, described about 80 years ago, a decrease in the activity of the disease was noted in the absolute majority of pregnant women. In more recent prospective studies, it was shown that only 48-66% of pregnant women have clinical improvement during gestation, and postpartum exacerbation of RA is noted in 70% of patients, while most patients require drug therapy.