Blood glucose regulation is a fundamental physiological process essential for cellular energy production and metabolic homeostasis. The maintenance of optimal glucose levels is controlled by a complex interplay of hormonal, enzymatic, and cellular mechanisms, primarily involving insulin, glucagon, and other metabolic regulators. Dysregulation in blood glucose levels is associated with metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, and insulin resistance, leading to severe health complications [1].

This study explores the mechanisms of glucose homeostasis, emphasizing the role of the pancreas, liver, muscle, and adipose tissues. It also discusses the metabolic implications of glucose fluctuations, the pathophysiology of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, and recent advances in glucose regulation strategies, including dietary modifications, pharmacological interventions, and emerging technologies like continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and artificial pancreas systems [2].

Blood glucose, insulin, glucagon, metabolic homeostasis, diabetes, glucose metabolism

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