Measles remains one of the most contagious human infections, with a basic reproduction number of approximately 12–18. Despite the availability of an effective vaccine for over 50 years, measles continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in children. Before mass vaccination, measles caused approximately 2.6 million deaths worldwide each year. By 2018, immunization had reduced global measles mortality to approximately 140,000 cases per year, but recent years have seen an alarming increase in incidence and mortality. In 2022, approximately 9 million measles cases and 136,000 measles-related deaths will be reported worldwide. These outbreaks highlight the re-emergence of measles as a global threat, particularly given gaps in vaccination coverage and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic [1].

The resurgence of measles in different regions of the world highlights the urgency of the problem. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), after many years of declining vaccination coverage, in 2022 the global incidence of measles increased by 18%, and mortality by 43% compared to the previous year. Outbreaks are registered both in countries with poor health care and in prosperous regions where groups of unvaccinated populations have formed. For example, in 2018, almost half of all measles cases in the world occurred in just five countries - the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Liberia, Madagascar, Somalia and Ukraine. At the same time, in 2019, the United States recorded the highest incidence rate in 25 years, and a number of European countries (including the UK) lost their status as territories free of endemic measles due to long-term outbreaks. This situation is due to a combination of reasons - from shortcomings in immunoprophylaxis and failures in health care systems to the growing influence of anti-vaccination movements. Consideration of current measles trends and gap analysis in prevention are necessary to develop strategies to contain this infection at the global level [2].

measles; vaccination; immunization; immunoprophylaxis; epidemiology; vaccine coverage; refusal to vaccinate; anti-vaccination movement; new vaccine technologies.

World Health Organization (2019, December 5). More than 140,000 die from measles as cases surge worldwide (Joint News Release). WHO.

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