Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a widespread pathogen that can establish persistent infection and periodically reactivate, especially in immunocompromised patients. The aim of this study is to comprehensively study the mechanisms that ensure the stability of CMV in the body and provoke its reactivation. Using an integrated approach, including cellular models, clinical samples and molecular biological methods, we analyzed the immune and viral factors that contribute to the establishment of latent infection and its reactivation. The results demonstrate that CMV persistence is associated with the interaction of viral factors affecting the host immune response and changes in the signaling pathways of immune system cells. The paper presents the results of three key experiments, summarized in tables, reflecting the dynamics of gene expression, cytokines and changes in cellular composition during the infectious process. These studies can form the basis for the development of new strategies for the treatment and prevention of CMV reactivation, especially in groups of patients with weakened immune defense.

cytomegalovirus, persistence, reactivation, latent infection, immunity.

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