Secondary strabismus is an acquired disorder of eye coordination and position caused by multiple systemic, neurological, and mechanical factors. This pathology differs from congenital strabismus by its later onset, frequent development of diplopia, and impaired binocular vision. The article analyzes the main etiologic factors, including traumatic brain injury, vascular lesions, neurological disorders, ophthalmic surgery, and dysfunction of the oculomotor muscles and cranial nerves. Modern diagnostic methods, such as visual assessment, prismatic correction, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological tests, are considered. Attention is paid to therapeutic strategies: orthoptic rehabilitation, botulinum toxin administration, surgical methods, and systemic treatment of the underlying disease. Particular importance is attached to a multidisciplinary approach and early intervention aimed at optimizing visual functions and improving the quality of life of patients.

secondary strabismus, acquired strabismus, diplopia, amblyopia, cranial nerve palsy, oculomotor muscles, prismatic correction, botulinum toxin, orthoptic therapy, strabismus surgery, neuro-ophthalmology, systemic diseases, visual rehabilitation.

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