Coxarthrosis (hip osteoarthritis) is a chronic degenerative joint disease that, in stages III–IV, is characterized not only by mechanical destruction of cartilage and bone but also by significant immunological alterations. Elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, activation of macrophages and lymphocytes, as well as systemic immune imbalance, play an important role in disease progression. Recognition of these immunological aspects may contribute to the development of new diagnostic markers and targeted therapies.

Coxarthrosis, hip osteoarthritis, immunology, cytokines, advanced stages.

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