Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a heterogeneous condition characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. The disease manifests different phenotypes including emphysematous and bronchitic variants, each presenting unique cardiorespiratory challenges.

x

Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. (2024). Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Available at: https://goldcopd.org/

Agusti, A., Calverley, P. M., Celli, B., Coxson, H. O., Edwards, L. D., Lomas, D. A., et al. (2012). Characterisation of COPD heterogeneity in the ECLIPSE cohort. Respiratory Research, 13(1), 74. https://doi.org/10.1186/1465-9921-13-74

Spruit, M. A., Singh, S. J., Garvey, C., ZuWallack, R., Nici, L., Rochester, C., et al. (2013). An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: Key concepts and advances in pulmonary rehabilitation. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 188(8), e13-e64. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201309-1634ST

Sin, D. D., & Man, S. F. P. (2008). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society, 5(8), 844-848. https://doi.org/10.1513/pats.200809-100TH

Vogelmeier, C. F., Criner, G. J., Martinez, F. J., Anzueto, A., Barnes, P. J., Bourbeau, J., et al. (2017). Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2017 Report: GOLD Executive Summary. European Respiratory Journal, 49(3), 1700214. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00214-2017

McCarthy, B., Casey, D., Devane, D., Murphy, K., Murphy, E., & Lacasse, Y. (2015). Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015(2), CD003793. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003793.pub3

Mannino, D. M., Thorn, D., Swensen, A., & Holguin, F. (2008). Prevalence and outcomes of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease in COPD. European Respiratory Journal, 32(4), 962-969. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00012408

Puhan, M. A., Gimeno-Santos, E., Cates, C. J., & Troosters, T. (2016). Pulmonary rehabilitation following exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 12(12), CD005305. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005305.pub4

Hurst, J. R., Vestbo, J., Anzueto, A., Locantore, N., Müllerova, H., Tal-Singer, R., et al. (2010). Susceptibility to exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 363(12), 1128-1138. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0909883

Nici, L., Donner, C., Wouters, E., Zuwallack, R., Ambrosino, N., Bourbeau, J., et al. (2006). American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement on pulmonary rehabilitation. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 173(12), 1390-1413. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200508-1211ST

Kosimov, I., & Valiyev, R. (2025). BIOIMPEDANCEOMETRY IN ASSESSING THE HEALTH STATUS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS: PERSPECTIVES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR DISEASE PREVENTION. Journal of Applied Science and Social Science, 1(3), 614-622. https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/jasss/article/view/97244

Pulatov, S. S., & Valiev, R. A. (2023). RESPIRATORY PHYSIOTHERAPY INTERVENTIONS IN ACUTE VIRAL RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS: A COMPREHENSIVE THERAPEUTIC EXPLORATION. Экономика и социум, (12 (115)-1), 581-582https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=ru&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=RESPIRATORY+PHYSIOTHERAPY+IN

Soliyev, I. M., Kosimov, I. U., & Sodikov, S. A. (2023). NEUROREHABILITATION OF MINOR INJURIES OF THE LUMBOSACRAL SPINE DEPARTMENT IN ATHLETES WITH THE USE OF APPLIED TRAINING SWIMMING FOR STRETCHING. Экономика и социум, (2 (105)), 352-353. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/neurorehabilitation-of-minor-injuries-of-the-lumbosacral-spine-department-in-athletes-with-the-use-of-applied-training-swimming-for/viewer