Hypertension is one of the main risk factors for ischemic heart disease (IHD). High blood pressure affects the heart and blood vessels in several ways, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. This study reviews the main mechanisms by which hypertension contributes to IHD, including changes in blood vessels, heart muscle structure, and molecular processes. Hypertension causes endothelial dysfunction, stiffening of arteries, and atherosclerosis, which reduce coronary blood flow. It also increases the workload on the heart, causing left ventricular hypertrophy and higher oxygen demand. Activation of the renin-angiotensin system, oxidative stress, and inflammation further worsen heart and vessel damage. Understanding these mechanisms helps in early detection, better treatment, and prevention of IHD in people with high blood pressure.

Hypertension; Ischemic Heart Disease; Heart; Blood Vessels; Endothelial Dysfunction; Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

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