This article examines the role of preventive vaccination in public health, emphasizing its contribution to the control and prevention of infectious diseases, as well as approaches for evaluating its effectiveness. Special attention is given to the reduction of disease incidence through immunization, enhancement of population immunity, and the overall impact of preventive interventions. Drawing on international experience, the study compares the efficacy of different vaccines and analyzes the outcomes of national vaccination programs. The findings provide valuable insights for designing evidence-based preventive strategies, implementing practical health measures, and promoting a healthier lifestyle among the population.

infectious diseases, epidemiological surveillance, immunity, immunization, preventive vaccination, vaccination programs, vaccine effectiveness, vaccine impact.

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