Over the past two thousand years, the microbial community of the human body has been recognized as a key factor determining the physiology and pathology of the organism. This review critically analyzes the results of studying the microbiome of the upper respiratory tract in pediatric practice.

The current data from foreign and domestic literature on microbiocenosis in newborns and young children are reflected. The stages of the formation of the microbiota of the respiratory tract at different periods of childhood are considered. Particular attention is paid to the set of genes of microorganisms that are resistant to antimicrobial drugs. Thus, today one of the most promising research areas in medicine is the study of the set of genes responsible for the formation of the microbiota of various localizations. The study of the microbiome in newborns implements the principles of prevention, personification, predicativity as the main directions of modern high-tech medicine in this group of patients.

microbiome, resistance, newborns, infants, premature infants, delivery method, antibiotic resistance.

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