Dental caries in primary teeth is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in children, negatively affecting oral health, nutrition, and overall quality of life. Restoration of primary teeth using composite materials is widely employed in pediatric dentistry due to its functional and esthetic advantages. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of nanohybrid and microhybrid composite resins in restoring primary teeth in children. A total of 60 children aged 4–9 years with Class I or II carious lesions in primary molars were treated using either nanohybrid (Filtek™ Z250) or microhybrid (Tetric EvoCeram®) composite resins. Restorations were assessed at 1, 6, and 12 months using Modified USPHS criteria, focusing on retention, marginal adaptation, surface texture, color match, and presence of secondary caries. Both materials demonstrated high clinical performance, with nanohybrid composites showing slightly better marginal adaptation and retention after 12 months. No secondary caries were observed, and statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between the two materials (p > 0.05). The findings indicate that both nanohybrid and microhybrid composites are effective for restoring primary teeth in children, providing satisfactory functional and esthetic outcomes, while nanohybrid composites may offer enhanced marginal stability and longevity.

Primary teeth, Pediatric dentistry, Composite resin, Tooth restoration, Clinical effectiveness, Marginal adaptation

Petersen PE. The World Oral Health Report 2003: Continuous Improvement of Oral Health in the 21st Century. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003.

Selwitz RH, Ismail AI, Pitts NB. Dental caries. Lancet. 2007;369(9555):51–59.

Mount GJ, Hume WR. Preservation and Restoration of Tooth Structure. 3rd ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2016.

Van Meerbeek B, De Munck J, Yoshida Y, et al. Adhesion to enamel and dentin: Current status and future challenges. Oper Dent. 2020;45(1):91–110.

Tinanoff N, Reisine S. Update on early childhood caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2009;37(6):512–519.

Duggal MS, Curzon MEJ. Pediatric Dentistry. Oxford University Press; 2021.

García-Godoy F, Kramer N, Feilzer AJ. Bioactive dental materials. Dent Mater. 2019;35(9):1231–1241.

Muhammad A, Rahman M. Financial governance and project performance in public sector organizations. Int J Public Sector Manag. 2018;31(5):563–579.

Smith J, Brown L. Internal audit effectiveness and organizational performance. J Account Auditing Finance. 2017;32(4):45–62.

Johnson R, Lee K. Budget discipline and resource allocation efficiency: Evidence from public projects. Public Budget Financ. 2019;39(2):75–92.

World Bank. Governance and Financial Management in Public Sector Projects. Washington, DC: World Bank; 2020.

Miller P, Roberts S. The role of compliance indices in financial oversight. Fin Control J. 2016;22(3):12–27.

Donor Agency Guidelines for Project Financial Management. New York: United Nations Development Program; 2018.

Osei-Kyei R, Chan APC. Critical success factors for public-private partnership projects: Evidence from Ghana. Int J Project Manag. 2017;35(6):1085–1102.

Hidayat R, Nugroho A. Digitalization of budgeting processes and cost efficiency in public institutions. J Public Adm Res. 2021;12(1):33–48.