This article examines the major stages of the development of world medicine in the Middle Ages, particularly the rise of medical science in European countries and its connection with Eastern—especially Asian—medical traditions. It highlights how medicine in the 14th–15th centuries in Europe developed under the influence of economic, social, and cultural factors, emphasizing the discoveries of scholars such as Andreas Vesalius, Leonardo da Vinci, William Harvey, and Girolamo Fracastoro in anatomy, physiology, and infectious diseases. The article also discusses the flourishing of medicine in the Samarkand and Herat centers during the era of Amir Temur, the traditions based on the works of Ibn Sina, and the contributions of Eastern scholars such as Burhoniddin Nafis, Mahmud ibn Umar Chag‘miniy, and others. The formation and development of physiology and anatomy as independent sciences are analyzed through examples such as Vesalius’ “De Humani Corporis Fabrica” and Harvey’s theory of blood circulation. The article demonstrates the mutual influence of Eastern and Western medicine and reveals the nature of medical development in the Middle Ages.

European and Eastern medicine, Andreas Vesalius, William Harvey, Leonardo da Vinci, Ibn Sina, Anatomy, Physiology, Blood circulation, Infectious diseases, Samarkand medical center, De Humani Corporis Fabrica.

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