Anemia is a common pediatric condition characterized by reduced hemoglobin levels or impaired red blood cell function, leading to diminished oxygen delivery to tissues. It is a global health problem, particularly prevalent in developing countries where nutritional deficiencies, infections, and genetic disorders contribute to its burden. In children, anemia impairs physical growth, cognitive development, and immune function, increasing morbidity and mortality risks.

Treatment of anemia in children depends on the underlying cause. Iron-deficiency anemia, the most common type, requires iron supplementation and dietary modifications. Other forms such as megaloblastic anemia (due to folate or vitamin B12 deficiency), hemolytic anemia, and anemia associated with chronic diseases demand tailored interventions, including vitamin supplementation, blood transfusions, or management of the underlying condition. Preventive strategies such as improved nutrition, deworming, malaria control, and health education are essential to reduce prevalence.

Care for children with anemia also includes regular monitoring, psychosocial support, and family education to ensure compliance with therapy and sustainable health improvement. This article reviews principles of treatment and care in pediatric anemia, emphasizing the importance of integrated therapeutic and preventive approaches.

Anemia, children, iron deficiency, nutrition, supplementation, hemoglobin, growth, pediatric care, prevention, treatment.

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