COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, emerged in late 2019 and rapidly evolved into a global pandemic. Its high transmission rate, spectrum of clinical manifestations, and potential for severe complications posed unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. Medical practice has since focused on developing effective treatment protocols and preventive strategies to reduce morbidity, mortality, and transmission. Treatment of COVID-19 involves supportive care, antiviral therapies, immunomodulators, and in severe cases, corticosteroids and oxygen therapy. Drugs such as remdesivir, dexamethasone, and monoclonal antibodies have shown efficacy in specific patient groups. Meanwhile, preventive measures—including vaccination, mask usage, social distancing, and hygiene practices—remain critical in curbing the spread of infection. The integration of treatment and prevention forms the cornerstone of COVID-19 management. Vaccination campaigns significantly reduced hospitalization and death rates, while adherence to preventive practices helped control outbreaks. Continued adaptation of strategies, informed by evolving scientific evidence and global health guidelines, is essential. This article reviews the role of treatment and preventive measures in medical practice, highlighting lessons learned and their importance in managing current and future pandemics.

COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, treatment, prevention, vaccination, antiviral therapy, public health, medical practice, infection control, respiratory disease.

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