Pediatric dental diseases—particularly dental caries, early childhood caries (ECC), and gingival inflammation—remain among the most widespread chronic health conditions globally. Their impact extends beyond oral structures, influencing growth, systemic health, nutritional status, school performance, and psychosocial well-being. This article provides an expanded scientific overview of etiological factors, modern prevention strategies, clinical and community-based interventions, and the crucial role of caregivers in oral health promotion. Evidence-based approaches for primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention are highlighted.

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