Folate, a water-soluble B-vitamin, is essential for one-carbon metabolism, DNA synthesis, repair, and methylation, and plays a critical role in regulating homocysteine levels. Impaired folate metabolism has been implicated in various uterine pathologies, including fibroids, endometrial hyperplasia, and adenomyosis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between folate metabolism and uterine tissue alterations in reproductive-age women. A total of 120 participants with confirmed uterine pathology were evaluated for serum folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine levels, and folate-dependent enzymatic activity. Histopathological and molecular analyses of uterine tissues were performed to assess cellular proliferation and DNA methylation. Results demonstrated that folate deficiency and reduced methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) activity were associated with hyperhomocysteinemia, DNA hypomethylation, increased Ki-67 proliferation index, and structural abnormalities in the endometrium and myometrium. These findings highlight the crucial role of folate metabolism in maintaining uterine tissue integrity and suggest that targeted nutritional and metabolic interventions may contribute to the prevention and management of uterine disorders.

Folate,Folate,Metabolism,Uterine,Pathology,Endometrial,Hyperplasia ,Adenomyosis Fibroids ,MTHFR , Homocysteine ,DNA Methylation ,Ki-67

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