Endemic mumps (rubella, mumps) is the pathology that has decreased most sharply among childhood infectious diseases since the introduction of the MMR vaccine, but in 2023-2025, "breakthrough" infections in vaccinated children (vaccine breakthrough) and the need for a third dose have become an urgent problem. This article highlights the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the disease in children, unique complications (type 1 diabetes, fetal death, sensorineural deafness), and modern treatment and prevention algorithms from a medical perspective. New medical facts: the mumps virus can cause autoimmune type 1 diabetes by directly cytolytically affecting pancreatic β-cells (2024 cohort studies); also, the oncogenic potential of the virus (association with Warthin tumors of the parotid gland) is being reassessed from the perspective of pediatric oncology.

Endemic mumps in children, Mumps virus infection, Painful swelling of the parotid gland, Involvement of the submandibular and sublingual glands, Aseptic meningitis and encephalitis, Pancreatitis and pancreatic injury, Orchitis and reproductive complications, Sensorineural hearing loss, Clinical diagnosis and laboratory confirmation, RT-PCR and serological tests, IgM and IgG antibodies, Modern treatment methods and symptomatic therapy, Analgesics and fever control, Supportive measures, Bacterial superinfection and antibiotics, Efficacy and prevention of MMR vaccine

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