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| Open Access |
https://doi.org/10.55640/
MODERN IMPLANT TECHNIQUES: ZYGOMATIC, PTERYGOID, TRANS-SINUS, AND TRANS-NASAL APPROACHES
Rajabov Azamat Akmalovich, Shoyeva Rano Gayratovna ,Abstract
Severe maxillary atrophy remains one of the most challenging conditions in oral and maxillofacial rehabilitation. Modern implantology has introduced several graftless solutions—including zygomatic, pterygoid, trans-sinus, and trans-nasal implants—which allow immediate or early loading and reduce the need for bone augmentation. This expanded review provides detailed anatomical descriptions, biomechanical principles, surgical protocols, indications, contraindications, survival rates, and complication profiles based on up-to-date peer-reviewed scientific literature.
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References
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Peñarrocha M, et al. Trans-nasal implant placement in severe atrophy. JOMS. 2014.
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