Hemorrhoidal disease is one of the most common proctological conditions worldwide, and the last decade has seen a rapid increase in the use of minimally invasive approaches such as laser hemorrhoidoplasty (LHP). This systematic review aimed to compare the clinical efficacy, complication rates, and rehabilitation outcomes of LHP with conventional hemorrhoidectomy using studies published between 2019 and 2024. A total of 15 high-quality sources, including randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and meta-analyses, were selected from PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and other indexed journals, focusing on patients with grade II–IV hemorrhoidal disease. The findings indicate that LHP offers notable advantages over conventional hemorrhoidectomy, including shorter operative time (8–15 minutes), minimal intraoperative blood loss, lower postoperative pain scores (VAS 2–3), and faster return to daily activities (2–3 days). Despite these short-term benefits, LHP demonstrated higher long-term recurrence rates (15–20%) compared to conventional surgery (4–5%) over 1–2 years of follow-up. In conclusion, laser hemorrhoidoplasty represents an effective minimally invasive alternative that significantly improves early postoperative outcomes, although further studies are needed to confirm its long-term superiority.

Laser hemorrhoidoplasty, hemorrhoidectomy, minimally invasive surgery, laser coagulation, hemorrhoidal disease, rehabilitation, complications, recurrence

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