Sleep is one of the most essential physiological processes ensuring the homeostatic stability of the human body. It plays a crucial role in the optimal functioning of the central nervous system, endocrine system, immune system, and metabolic pathways. Prolonged sleep deprivation acts as a significant stress factor on the body’s major homeostatic systems. Insufficient sleep enhances systemic inflammation through activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, continuous stimulation of the sympatho-adrenal system, and disruption of cytokine balance.

sleep disturbance, systemic inflammation, immune-inflammatory index, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio.

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