Violence-induced injuries remain a major concern in forensic medical practice, characterized by their complexity, variability in causative mechanisms, and significant medico-legal implications. Achieving accurate interpretation requires a multidisciplinary approach integrating clinical examination, radiological imaging, and molecular diagnostics.

Clinical assessment remains the fundamental component in identifying and characterizing both external and internal injuries, determining their severity, and reconstructing the chronological sequence of traumatic events. Advanced imaging modalities—including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasonography—enable detailed visualization of overt as well as subtle or occult lesions, thereby enhancing the accuracy, objectivity, and reproducibility of forensic evaluations. Molecular techniques, such as DNA profiling, biomarker analysis, and immunohistochemical assays, contribute to a deeper understanding of tissue alterations, provide reliable indicators of injury vitality, and facilitate differentiation between ante-mortem and post-mortem damage.

This multidisciplinary approach not only improves the accuracy of injury documentation but also strengthens the evidentiary value in legal proceedings. The current review highlights contemporary advancements in forensic methodologies for violence-related injuries, discusses challenges in interpretation, and emphasizes the need for standardized protocols to ensure consistency and reliability in forensic investigations.

Forensic Medicine; Violence-Related Injuries; Clinical Assessment; Imaging Techniques; Molecular Methods; Trauma Analysis; Injury Vitality; Ante-Mortem and Post-Mortem Differentiation; Evidence-Based Forensics; Multidisciplinary Approach

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