Thyroid diseases represent a significant medical problem in modern healthcare, as they affect the regulation of metabolism and the overall state of the body. Among them, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and autoimmune thyroid disorders are increasingly prevalent worldwide, leading to serious health consequences. Disruption of thyroid function may result in metabolic and mental disorders, as well as other severe complications.

One of the important factors influencing thyroid health is the deficiency of trace elements. Special attention is paid to selenium and zinc, which play a key role in thyroid hormone synthesis, antioxidant protection, and immune system regulation. Deficiency of these trace elements may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of thyroid diseases.

The purpose of this review is to analyze the current literature on the effects of selenium and zinc concentrations on thyroid function and the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Summarizing available data allows us to better understand the role of these trace elements in the etiology and possible treatment of thyroid pathologies, as well as to identify directions for further research and clinical application.

selenium, zinc, thyroid gland, autoimmune thyroiditis, deficiency, pathogenesis.

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