Children's health is a key indicator of the social and economic development of society and reflects the effectiveness of the national health care system. Current trends demonstrate an increase in chronic diseases in childhood, a growing prevalence of obesity, nutritional disorders, and psycho-emotional disturbances, largely associated with urbanization, lifestyle changes, reduced physical activity, and exposure to stress factors. Additional influences include environmental conditions and digitalization, which, along with positive effects, also create new risks for children's health. This review article analyzes the main challenges and regional differences determined by socio-economic conditions, accessibility of medical care, and the educational environment. Particular attention is paid to the need for developing and implementing regional strategies for strengthening children's health, including preventive programs, the development of school and family medicine, intersectoral cooperation, and systematic monitoring of health status. Such a comprehensive approach will contribute to improving the quality of life of the younger generation and ensuring sustainable development of society.

children's health, contemporary challenges, chronic diseases, prevention, regional strategies, school medicine, family medicine, lifestyle, social factors, sustainable development.

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