The human heart is a complex, four-chambered muscular organ responsible for maintaining continuous blood circulation and supporting systemic and pulmonary functions. This descriptive review examines the anatomical structure and functional zones of the heart, including its chambers, myocardial layers, valves, coronary circulation, and conduction system. The study synthesizes current literature to highlight the relationship between structural integrity and functional efficiency, emphasizing the clinical significance of anatomical variations in conditions such as arrhythmias, valvular disorders, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. The findings reinforce the importance of comprehensive knowledge of cardiac anatomy for medical education, early diagnosis, and effective management of cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the interplay between structure and function is essential for optimizing patient outcomes and guiding clinical interventions.

Human heart; Cardiac anatomy; Functional zones; Chambers; Valves; Conduction system; Coronary circulation; Cardiovascular diseases

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