Meningoencephalitis is one of the most severe inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system in childhood and is associated with high rates of morbidity and long-term neurological sequelae. Despite improvements in diagnostic methods and acute treatment, many children who survive meningoencephalitis experience persistent cognitive and neuropsychological impairments. This article analyzes cognitive and neuropsychological outcomes in children after meningoencephalitis, with particular emphasis on memory, attention, executive functions, speech, and emotional–behavioral regulation. The findings highlight the importance of early identification of cognitive deficits and the implementation of comprehensive neuropsychological rehabilitation to improve long-term functional outcomes and quality of life.

Meningoencephalitis, children, cognitive impairment, neuropsychological outcomes, memory, attention, rehabilitation

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