This paper analyzes the lexical and semantic features of the translation of Jane Austen's novel Pride and Prejudice. The study examines key lexical units that reflect social norms and characters, as well as semantic nuances that affect the perception of the main themes of the work. Particular attention is paid to the cultural context in which the original version was created and its significance for an adequate translation. The work emphasizes the importance of preserving the author's voice and stylistic features of Austen in the translation process, which requires the translator to find a balance between accuracy and expressiveness. The analysis shows that a successful translation not only conveys the meaning of the text, but also preserves its emotional and cultural content, thereby ensuring the relevance of the work for modern readers.

This article informs about the role of legal culture in the establishment of civil society. In particular, special attention is paid to the impact of digitalization, globalization, civil society, and legal education on the development of legal consciousness. The causes of legal nihilism, the role of mass media, and the cultural factors influencing the acceptance of legal norms are explored. Additionally, proposals are made regarding the cooperation between the state, educational institutions, and civil society organizations in solving existing problems.

In the following article, we investigated the lexical capabilities of children with intellectual disabilities and the influence of cognitive and emotional factors on their vocabulary development. We used psycholinguistic testing and multimodal teaching methods to improve their word recall and contextual understanding. The study showed that consistent, emotionally engaging, and multisensory teaching significantly improved lexical performance, communication skills, and social interaction.

Modern global economic systems are increasingly focused on the transition to innovative and "green" development models. Investments are becoming a key tool for transforming production and services toward environmental sustainability and technological efficiency. In 2024–2025, the global flow of "green" investments is expected to grow: according to the OECD, their volume exceeded $1.7 trillion, of which more than 40% is directed toward the development of renewable energy, industrial decarbonization, and the digitalization of environmental monitoring. Innovations in energy conservation, waste recycling, the production of environmentally friendly materials, and smart grids are attracting both private and public capital, creating the conditions for accelerated infrastructure modernization and carbon footprint reduction.

For Uzbekistan, these trends are particularly important: in 2023–2024, Investment in green energy increased by more than 28%, and in solar generation by 35%. The development of national programs such as "Yashil Energy 2030" and the "Digital Uzbekistan 2030" strategy are strengthening the role of private investment and innovative technologies in the modernization of industry, transport, and housing and utilities. New financial instruments are being developed—green bonds, ESG funds, and public-private partnerships—that enable the mobilization of resources for the transition to a low-carbon economy.

The scientific significance of the study lies in identifying the relationship between investment flows and innovation activity, as well as in analyzing the mechanisms by which they influence sustainable development. Its practical value lies in identifying effective models for attracting capital to environmentally oriented projects, developing recommendations for stimulating an innovative economy, and integrating international ESG standards into national investment policy.

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 This article explores the transformation of cultural elements in the English translation of XX-century Uzbek novels, focusing on Cho‘lpon’s Night and Day (Kecha va Kunduz). The study examines how culturally specific concepts, idioms, and social realities are transferred, adapted, or altered in the translation process. Drawing on theories of cultural translation and equivalence, it analyzes linguistic strategies such as domestication, foreignization, and cultural substitution used to convey Uzbek cultural identity to an English-speaking readership. Through textual analysis, the research identifies instances where translation choices reshape the perception of Uzbek traditions, values, and gender relations in a colonial and modernist context. The findings reveal that translation not only bridges linguistic boundaries but also redefines cultural meanings, demonstrating the translator’s active role in mediating between distinct literary and ideological worlds.

The relevance of the topic. Currently, it has been established that the pharmacokinetics of drugs are significantly influenced by many factors: concomitant diseases, food intake, gender, age, physical activity of patients. However, the effect of antiorthostatic hypokinesia on the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of most drugs has not been sufficiently studied. The purpose of the study. To study the pharmacokinetics of furosemide after a single dose oral administration of Furosemide and Furesis compositum drugs under normal human conditions and in patients with antiorthostatic hypokinesia (AHH). Materials and methods. 

The rapid development of digital technologies has significantly transformed e-commerce platforms, allowing users to interact and share opinions about products and services. Customer reviews play a crucial role in assessing product quality and guiding purchase decisions. However, due to the subjective nature and large volume of feedback, analyzing consumer opinions is complex and requires automated models. This study proposes a model for evaluating customer satisfaction using digital technologies, incorporating numerical ratings, likes/dislikes, and textual sentiment and topic analysis. Data collected from Alibaba reviews of Mac, Windows Surface, Asus, and Samsung laptops were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine factor weights and overall satisfaction scores. The proposed approach enables businesses to identify product strengths and weaknesses, improve service quality, enhance marketing strategies, and strengthen brand–customer relationships. Integrating sentiment analysis with AI and chatbots also promises more personalized customer interactions and higher satisfaction in digital commerce.

The article discusses the integration of Digital Pedagogy and Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) in developing oral communication competence among engineering students. In the context of English for Specific Purposes (ESP), these approaches foster active learning, critical thinking, and professional communication skills essential for future engineers. The study examines the role of digital tools—such as Flipgrid, Jamboard, Canva, and TED Talks—in motivating students to participate in real-life communicative tasks. The paper outlines a methodological framework that combines TBLT stages with digital technology to enhance students’ fluency, accuracy, and confidence in oral communication.

 The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has intensified philosophical debates about the nature of human identity, consciousness, and meaning. While AI offers significant advancements, it simultaneously challenges existential understandings of freedom, individuality, authenticity, and self-definition. This paper examines existential perspectives on AI, drawing from the works of Jean-Paul Sartre, Martin Heidegger, and Albert Camus. Through a qualitative conceptual analysis, the study investigates how AI may influence human autonomy, selfhood, and the search for meaning. The findings suggest that AI technologies have the dual potential to support human self-actualization or undermine existential agency by fostering dependency, conformity, and emotional detachment. Recommendations are offered for preserving authentic human identity in technologically mediated environments.

This article discusses the main agro-technical measures aimed at improving soil fertility in vineyard and orchard inter-rows. The study analyzes the effectiveness of soil loosening, cultivation, mulching, the use of organic and mineral fertilizers, green manure crops, and drip irrigation systems in maintaining and enhancing soil productivity. In addition, measures for controlling weeds, diseases, and soil erosion are presented. The paper concludes with scientifically based recommendations for increasing soil fertility and ensuring sustainable crop yields in perennial plantations.

This article explores the mystical (orifona) aspects of Alisher Navoi’s ghazal beginning with “Zihi husnung zuhuridin…”, which belongs to the genre of Sufi lyric poetry. By examining its symbolic imagery, thematic unity, and philosophical undertones, the paper demonstrates how Navoi transforms classical love motifs into expressions of divine love (ilohiy ishq). The analysis is based on poetic structure, Sufi terminology, and the metaphysical principle of Wahdat al-wujud (Unity of Being).

This article analyzes in depth the innovative development factors of banking and auditing systems within the national economy. In recent years, the digital transformation of the financial and banking sector has accelerated, significantly increasing the role of modern technologies in providing banking services, conducting audit control, and ensuring financial security. The paper scientifically examines the application of innovative approaches in organizing effective banking operations, digitalizing internal and external audit systems, and implementing technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and blockchain within the banking sector. Moreover, the study highlights the strategic role of the banking system in maintaining the stability of the national economy and the importance of audit control in strengthening transparency. The results of the research serve as an important theoretical and practical foundation for developing and implementing innovation-driven strategies in financial institutions.

This article analyzes the specific features, similarities and differences of adjective formation in Uzbek and Turkish languages from a linguistic perspective. During the research, the sources of adjective formation, that is, the methods of formation from nouns , verbs and adjectives, as well as the processes of formation through morphological and compositional (syntactic) paths, were comparatively studied.

This article provides detailed information about various approaches to studying the creative competence of future primary school teachers.

This article discusses pressing issues such as the concept of dactyl speech, its historical sources, methods of acquisition, the peculiarities of speech in deaf and hard-of-hearing children, and the significance of dactylology and sign language in the education of deaf children.

 The respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of gases between the body and the environment. It supplies oxygen to the blood and removes carbon dioxide through a series of organs including the nose, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. The process of inhalation and exhalation ensures that oxygen reaches body cells for energy production. Maintaining a healthy respiratory system is essential for sustaining life and overall well-being. The respiratory system is a vital biological system that ensures the continuous exchange of gases between the human body and the external environment. Its primary function is to deliver oxygen to the bloodstream and remove carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular metabolism. The system is composed of organs such as the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Within the lungs, microscopic air sacs called alveoli play a crucial role in gas exchange through diffusion. Breathing involves two main processes: inhalation, which brings oxygen into the lungs, and exhalation, which expels carbon dioxide. A healthy respiratory system is essential for maintaining proper body function, as oxygen is required for energy production in every cell. Factors such as air pollution, smoking, and infections can harm this system, leading to respiratory diseases like asthma, bronchitis, and pneumonia. Understanding its structure and function is key to promoting better respiratory health and overall well-being.

Obesity and diabetes are two major global health issues that often coexist. Numerous studies have confirmed a strong association between excessive body fat accumulation and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.This article discusses the physiological mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance, reviews epidemiological data supporting their correlation, and highlights preventive and management strategies aimed at reducing the risk of diabetes in obese individuals.

Blood transfusion is a vital medical procedure that involves transferring blood or its components from a healthy donor to a recipient in need. Its primary purpose is to restore blood volume and improve oxygen delivery to tissues, making it essential in treating severe blood loss, anemia, cancer, and surgical patients. The history of blood transfusion reflects centuries of scientific advancement — from early experimental failures in the seventeenth century to the groundbreaking discovery of the ABO blood group system by Karl Landsteiner in 1901. Modern transfusion medicine emphasizes safety through rigorous testing, component therapy, and infection control. Despite being generally safe, transfusions can lead to complications such as allergic reactions, hemolytic responses, and iron overload. Recent innovations, including synthetic blood substitutes, autologous transfusions, and stem-cell-based blood production, represent the future of this field. Ethical and cultural considerations also influence transfusion practices, emphasizing respect for patient beliefs and promoting voluntary blood donation as an act of social responsibility. Overall, blood transfusion stands as one of the greatest achievements in modern medicine, continuously evolving to save lives more safely and effectively.

The article examines the problems of existence, its types and relationship with matter. It also provides an analysis of the concept of substance and the four elements.

 This scientific study presents data on the prevalence, global occurrence, causes, origin, and characteristics of hemostatic disorders in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) of various genesis.

This article examines the theoretical, analytical, and organizational-economic aspects of enhancing the efficiency of services in Uzbekistan’s railway transport sector within the framework of innovative economic development. The study identifies the socio-economic significance of transport services, the main factors influencing their performance, and the necessity of innovation-oriented management models. Using a systematic approach, the research analyzes the development trends of the national railway system, key performance indicators, and institutional reforms aimed at increasing competitiveness and service quality. Comparative analysis of international practices—particularly those of the EU, Japan, and South Korea—demonstrates that technological modernization, digitalization, and public-private partnership are crucial determinants of efficiency growth. The results highlight that improving the effectiveness of Uzbekistan’s railway transport services requires an integrated mechanism that combines digital transformation, human capital development, and performance-based management. The paper concludes with practical recommendations for enhancing service quality, optimizing resource utilization, and strengthening the country’s position as a strategic transport hub in Central Asia.

This article examines the impact of deforestation on global biodiversity and the environment. It highlights how deforestation destroys habitats, increases climate change, and threatens various species. The report presents evidence from credible sources, such as National Geographic, WWF, FAO, and World Resources Institute, to demonstrate the loss of forests worldwide and its consequences on ecosystems and local climates. Furthermore, it explores measures taken by international and national organizations, including the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Rainforest Alliance, and Uzbekistan’s Green Nation Initiative, to reduce deforestation and promote sustainable land use. The article also emphasizes the role of individual actions, awareness, and global cooperation in preserving forests and combating climate change.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) remains a serious global threat to public health. Particularly, the emergence of drug-resistant forms — multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains — complicates treatment outcomes. This article analyzes the genetic variations of M. tuberculosis, especially single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and other mutations, and their influence on drug resistance. The methodology is based on a systematic review of scientific literature, genomic research, and knowledge of genetic diversification. The main section discusses the common molecular mechanisms of drug resistance across major gene groups (e.g., rpoB, katG, inhA, gyrA, embB, and others), as well as the clinical implications of these mutations and their relevance within Uzbekistan’s diagnostic and treatment context. The study concludes that a deeper understanding of the genetic basis of drug resistance in M. tuberculosis is essential for improving tuberculosis control strategies and advancing personalized therapeutic approaches. The article aims to provide an analytical perspective useful for researchers and to serve as a foundation for future studies.

Protein folding is a crucial biological process, and its errors, known as misfolding, are linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. This study examines the biophysical mechanisms of folding and misfolding, integrating experimental data and computational modeling to analyze protein stability and aggregation. Therapeutic approaches, including molecular chaperones and small-molecule interventions, are also explored. The findings highlight the importance of understanding protein dynamics for disease prevention and the development of targeted treatments.

Bioethics as a new science has become a new worldview and in recent years the scope of the questions and problems it studies has been increasingly expanding. Over the past decades, we have witnessed bioethics becoming an increasingly integrated science, uniting not only medical and biological issues, but also social sciences such as philosophy, law, ethics, and many other areas. In this article, we analyzed the concept and essence of integrativity as a characteristic aspect of bioethics. The article examines the integrative features of bioethics as a science.

Nanotechnology today has the potential to revolutionize healthcare, significantly changing the delivery and accessibility of medical care. However, despite its many advantages, the use of nanotechnology also poses a number of challenges. The article analyzes bioethical aspects related to the development and application of nanotechnology in modern medicine.

The article analyzes the historical role of Katqal’a in the development of urban planning culture in the Khorezm oasis.

The article “Teaching Math in the Era of AI” by Murodillokhon Kudratillaev and Shahrizoda Musajonova explores how artificial intelligence is transforming mathematics education. The authors argue that AI tools such as ChatGPT, Wolfram Alpha, and Photomath are reshaping the role of teachers—from transmitters of procedures to mentors guiding students toward deeper understanding and critical thinking. The paper emphasizes the need to shift from rote memorization to conceptual comprehension, using AI to enhance modeling, problem-solving, and real-world applications. It highlights the importance of cultivating creativity, ethical awareness, and verification skills so that learners remain critical users of AI rather than passive followers. Ultimately, the study concludes that integrating AI in mathematics education should aim to preserve the human aspects of curiosity, reasoning, and collaboration while adapting teaching methods for a technology-driven world.

This article examines Türkiye’s cultural diplomacy and soft power strategy in the region of Central Asia, focusing on how Ankara utilizes historical, linguistic, and cultural affinities to strengthen its regional influence. Building on Joseph Nye’s concept of soft power, the study explores the instruments through which Türkiye projects its image and fosters cooperation—such as the Yunus Emre Institute, Türkiye Scholarships, TİKA, and the Organization of Turkic States (OTS). It analyzes Türkiye’s efforts to promote Turkic solidarity and construct a shared identity while balancing political, economic, and strategic interests amid the presence of other powers such as Russia and China. The article argues that Türkiye’s engagement in Central Asia represents not merely cultural outreach, but a comprehensive soft power policy aimed at securing long-term influence and partnership in a geopolitically significant region.

This article analyzes the economic efficiency of potato seed production using the in vitro method. Under the conditions of Uzbekistan, in vitro micropropagation makes it possible to produce millions of healthy plants within one year, which increases yield by up to two times compared to traditional propagation methods. At the same time, the risk of seed loss is reduced, ensuring the supply of high-quality seed material and the establishment of a stable production system. This approach contributes to strengthening food security and promotes the development of innovative processes in agriculture.