Menstrual cycle disorders are among the most common gynecological problems encountered during adolescence. The period following menarche is characterized by physiological immaturity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis, which often results in irregular menstrual patterns. While many of these disturbances are transient and functional, some may indicate underlying endocrine, metabolic, or systemic conditions. Understanding the causes and clinical features of menstrual cycle disorders in adolescent girls is essential for early diagnosis, appropriate management, and prevention of long-term reproductive and psychological complications. This article reviews the major etiological factors and clinical manifestations of menstrual cycle disorders in adolescents based on modern medical knowledge.

Adolescent health, menstrual disorders, puberty, hormonal imbalance, gynecology

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