This article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of working with vocabulary based on texts in primary school education. Special attention is given to developing pupils’ vocabulary, understanding the meanings of new words, and forming skills for their correct and appropriate use in oral and written speech. The study analyzes effective methods of text-based vocabulary work, including identifying word meanings through context, working with synonyms and antonyms, and reinforcing vocabulary through sentences and coherent texts. The findings indicate that vocabulary instruction organized on the basis of texts plays a significant role in improving reading literacy, language competence, and overall communicative development of primary school pupils.

primary school, text-based learning, vocabulary development, working with vocabulary, reading literacy, language competence, speech development.

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