This paper presents an overview of the etiology, clinical features, diagnostic methods, treatment and rehabilitation options, as well as prevention strategies for microcephaly. Microcephaly is a congenital or acquired condition characterized by a significantly smaller brain size compared to age- and sex-related norms and is often associated with delayed cognitive and physical development. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of primary and secondary forms of microcephaly, their association with genetic and environmental factors, as well as risk factors during pregnancy. The importance of prenatal and postnatal examinations in diagnosis is highlighted, along with the role of modern instrumental techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In addition, the significance of symptomatic treatment, rehabilitation measures, and preventive approaches is emphasized.

Microcephaly, congenital anomalies, brain development, prenatal diagnosis, head circumference, genetic factors, Zika virus, neurological disorders, rehabilitation, epilepsy.

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