This article discusses the assessment of the ecological status of water basins, pollution levels, and the organization of monitoring based on biological indicators. Modern approaches to hydrological monitoring systems and sustainable water management are analyzed. The impact of human activity and climate change on water resources, as well as the ecological and economic consequences of water use, are examined. The importance of scientifically based, systematic, and integrated approaches to managing water basins is substantiated.

water basin, ecological monitoring, bioindicators, hydrological analysis, water management, sustainable governance, pollution, climate change, water resources, ecological safety

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