Minimally invasive thoracic surgery (MITS) has revolutionized thoracic surgical practices by reducing patient trauma, improving recovery times, and enhancing outcomes in selected populations. This review critically evaluates the advantages of MITS, such as reduced postoperative pain and complications, alongside its limitations, including high costs, steep learning curves, and patient selection challenges. Technological advancements, especially robotic-assisted techniques, have significantly contributed to improved precision and surgical outcomes. However, economic feasibility, infrastructure availability, and surgical training remain limiting factors. The review highlights the necessity for ongoing research and multidisciplinary collaboration to optimize MITS applications globally.

minimally invasive thoracic surgery, robotic-assisted thoracic surgery, postoperative outcomes, surgical training, patient selection

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