This article examines the problem of equivalence in the translation of culture-specific lexical units (realia) from Russian into Uzbek. Culture-specific words reflect the historical memory, everyday life, social structure, and worldview of a particular nation, and therefore often lack direct equivalents in other languages. The study analyzes theoretical approaches to cultural and linguistic equivalence (L.S. Barkhudarov, S. Vlakhov, S. Florin, E. Vereshchagin, V. Kostomarov) and identifies the main strategies used in the translation of realia, including transliteration, transcription, descriptive translation, analogical substitution, and commented translation. A comparative analysis of fragments from F.M. Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment and its Uzbek translation demonstrates how the translator negotiates national coloring, semantic accuracy, and stylistic expressiveness. The results show that transliteration accompanied by explanatory commentary most effectively preserves cultural specificity while maintaining communicative and aesthetic equivalence. The study concludes that the translation of realia requires not only linguistic competence, but also deep intercultural awareness, as well as sensitivity to the cultural and historical context of both the source and the target languages.

culture-specific words; realia; translation equivalence; transliteration; descriptive translation; cultural adaptation; intercultural communication; F.M. Dostoevsky; Uzbek translation; national coloring.

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