This study analyzes the main requirements for materials that are water-, dust-, and flame-resistant, focusing particularly on the chemical structure of hydrophobic coatings and the factors determining their efficiency. Hydrophobic coatings are characterized as systems that reduce the adhesion or penetration of water molecules onto the material surface. The degree of hydrophobicity is determined by the contact angle and depends on surface energy, molecular polarity, and the micro- and nanorelief structure. Coatings based on silicon-organic compounds (PDMS, methylsilane, ethylsilane) and fluorinated organics (PTFE, perfluoroalkyl silanes) exhibit high resistance to water, dust, and heat. Moreover, biomimetic approaches — such as nanostructured surfaces inspired by the lotus effect — are highlighted as a promising direction in modern materials science for developing self-cleaning surfaces.

Hydrophobic coatings, water repellency, silicon-organic compounds, fluoropolymers, surface energy, contact angle, nanostructure, biomimetic surface, PDMS, PTFE, lotus effect.

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