This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the fundamental economic significance of private sector participation during the transition to a green economy under globalization. The study theoretically confirms (based on the Pigou and Porter hypotheses) that private capital involvement serves not merely as an environmental obligation but as a catalyst for innovation and a source of long-term competitive advantage. The article highlights the macroeconomic benefits of private investment, including efficient capital allocation, improved energy efficiency, and the creation of high-quality “green jobs.”

green economy; private sector; green finance; sustainable development; green bonds; innovation; economic significance; capital profitability; ESG.

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